350 μm Dust Emission from High-Redshift Quasars

By A. Beelen, P. Cox, Dominic J. Benford, C. Dowell, A. Kovács, F. Bertoldi, A. Omont, C. Carilli. 2006

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We report detections of six high-redshift (1.8 ≤ z ≤ 6.4), optically luminous, radio-quiet quasars at 350 μm, using the SHARC II bolometer camera at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. Our observations double the number of high-redshift quasars for which 350 μm photometry is available. By combining the 350 μm measurements with observations at other submillimeter/millimeter wavelengths, for each source we have determined the temperature of the emitting dust (ranging from 40 to 60 K) and the far-infrared luminosity [ × 1013 L☉]. The combined mean spectral energy distribution of all high-redshift quasars with two or more rest-frame far-infrared photometric measurements is best fit with a graybody with temperature of 47 ± 3 K and a dust emissivity power-law spectral index of β = 1.6 ± 0.1. This warm dust component is a good tracer of the starburst activity of the quasar host galaxy. The ratio of the far-infrared to radio luminosities of infrared-luminous, radio-quiet high-redshift quasars is consistent with that found for local star-forming galaxies.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

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Citations in the corpus

Dust covering factor, silicate emission, and star formation in luminous QSOs (2007, background): “Note that certainly there are luminous, high-z QSOs with larger star formation rates (e.g. Bertoldi et al., 2003; Beelen et al., 2006; Lutz et al., 2007).”
The Evolution of Dust in the Early Universe with Applications to the Galaxy SDSS J1148+5251 (2007, background): “…at redshifts z & 6 and observed at far infrared (IR) and submillimeter wavelengths (Hughes et al. 1998; Bertoldi et al. 2003a; Robson et al. 2004; Beelen et al. 2006) exhibit luminosities in excess of ∼ 1013 L⊙, and inferred dust masses and star formation rates in excess of ∼ 108 M⊙ and of ∼ 10…”
Four Quasars above Redshift 6 Discovered by the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey (2007, background): “The detection of mm or sub-mm dust emission has been reported in eightz > 5.7 SDSS quasars (but only three atz ≥ 6) with typical flux densities at 1.2 mm of a few mJy (Bertoldi et al. 2003a; Priddey et al. 2003; Robson et al. 2004; Beelen et al. 2006; Wang et al. 2007).”
Dusty Star Forming Galaxies at High Redshift (2014, background): “The source is bright in submm wavelengths with a far-infrared luminosity of a HyLIRG with value ∼2 × 1013 L⊙ (Beelen et al., 2006) and a SFR in excess of 3000 M⊙ yr−1.”
Highly-excited CO emission in APM 08279+5255 at z = 3.9 (2007, background): “This is in line with the finding that IR pumping is not an important mechanism for local IR bright galaxies and most highz sources as their dust SEDs show a much smaller contribution of dust with temperatures in excess of ∼50 K compared to APM 08279 (e.g. Lisenfeld et al. 2000, Beelen et al. 2006).”
DETECTION OF ATOMIC CARBON [C ii] 158 μm AND DUST EMISSION FROM A z = 7.1 QUASAR HOST GALAXY (2012, methodology): “Here we assume a dust temperature of Td = 47K and dust emissivity power-law spectral index of β = 1.6 (κν ∝ ν β), based on the mean spectral energy distribution (SED) of quasar hosts in the redshift range 1.8 < z < 6.4 (Beelen et al. 2006).”
Cool Gas in High-Redshift Galaxies (2013, background): “However, the temperatures are roughly consistent with published dust temperatures of high–redshift starforming galaxies (Beelen et al. 2006, Kovács et al., 2006, 2010, Harris et al. 2012).”
SHARC-2 350 μm Observations of Distant Submillimeter-selected Galaxies (2006, methodology): “More recently, Beelen et al. (2006) hints at the validity of the correlation in the case of a handful of distant (z 2Y6) quasars with SEDs well constrained directly from far-infrared measurements.”
Evolution of Dust in Primordial Supernova Remnants: Can Dust Grains Formed in the Ejecta Survive and Be Injected into the Early Interstellar Medium? (2007, background): “Recent far-infrared to millimeter observations of quasars with redshiftsk5 have revealed the presence of large amounts of dust with masses in excess of 108 M (Bertoldi et al. 2003; Priddey et al. 2003; Robson et al. 2004; Beelen et al. 2006).”
Star Formation in the Hosts of High-z QSOs: Evidence from Spitzer PAH Detections (2008, background): “For three QSOs overlapping with our sample (KUV 0806+4037, HS 1002+4400, SBS 1408+567), Beelen et al. (2006) find 32K, 38K, and 35K respectively, and the FIR-warmer QSOs in their small sample may include objects with a smaller ratio of host FIR/submm to AGN emission.”
Physical Properties of 15 Quasars at z ≳ 6.5 (2017, background): “We take Td = 47 K and β = 1.6, which are typical values assumed in the literature (Beelen et al. 2006).”
GAS AND DUST IN A SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY AT z = 4.24 FROM THE HERSCHEL ATLAS (2011, methodology): “…141 with a single-temperature-modified blackbody spectrum (using the optically thin approximation) by performing a χ2 fit (A color version of this figure is available in the online journal.) on both the dust temperature (Tdust) and the dust emissivity index (β) as outlined in Beelen et al. (2006).”
STAR FORMATION AND GAS KINEMATICS OF QUASAR HOST GALAXIES AT z ∼ 6: NEW INSIGHTS FROM ALMA (2013, methodology): “For four of the five objects (except J2054−0005), we adopt a dust temperature of Tdust = 47 K and emissivity index of β = 1.6, which are the mean values found in the sample of high-z FIR luminous quasars (Beelen et al. 2006).”
Stellar sources of dust in the high-redshift Universe (2009, background): “The inferred far-IR (FIR) luminosities of samples of 5< z < 6.4 quasars are consistent with thermal emission from warm dust (T < 100 K), with dust masses in excess of 108M⊙ (Bertoldi et al. 2003; Robson et al. 2004; Beelen et al. 2006).”
Evidence of strong quasar feedback in the early Universe (2012, background): “The strong far-IR thermal emission inferred from (sub-)millimeter observations reveals vigorous star formation in the host galaxy, with SFR ∼ 3000 M⊙ yr−1 (Bertoldi et al. 2003a; Beelen et al. 2006).”
UNLEASHING POSITIVE FEEDBACK: LINKING THE RATES OF STAR FORMATION, SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE ACCRETION, AND OUTFLOWS IN DISTANT GALAXIES (2013, unknown): “Based on the dust emissivity (∝ νβ) fit to the mean spectral energy distribution of quasar hosts in the redshift range 1.8 < z < 6.4 (Beelen et al. 2006), I adopt β ≈ 1.6, and I find the dust disk temperature in the optically thin regime from the preceding model to be T diskd = T0 ( rad SNc…”
Testing the evolutionary link between submillimetre galaxies and quasars: CO observations of QSOs at z∼ 2 (2008, background): “Other constraints come from the obscured:unobscured AGN ratio (≃ 5–10) for a sample of SMGs, where Alexander et al. (2008) suggest that QSOs could be seen close to the line of sight (i = 18–25◦).”