Design Rules: The Power of Modularity

By Carliss Y. Baldwin, K. Clark. 2000

2,848 citations recorded by the source corpus.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1b7d9505b760ab74adee9f37721bb6d127a92d0a

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Citations in the corpus

Economic Foundations of Strategy (2004, background): “…of a larger system through standardized interfaces (and its impact on organization design) has captured attention in strategic management (Baldwin and Clark, 2000; Bowman and Kogut, 1995; Garud and Kumaraswamy, 1995; Garud, Kumaraswamy, and Langlois, 2003; Langlois, 2002; Sanchez and…”
Modularity and Innovation in Complex Systems (2002, unknown): “(Baldwin and Clark 2000, Loch et al. 2001) ,”
Reflections on the 2013 Decade Award—“Exploitation, Exploration, and Process Management: The Productivity Dilemma Revisited” Ten Years Later (2015, background): “The information component of any material object can now be represented as a digital good (Baldwin & Clark, 2000).”
Code Reuse in Open Source Software (2008, background): “Given the advantages of modularity in software development across the time span of the project (Baldwin and Clark, 2000; Garud and Kumaraswamy, 1995), the reuse of components seems rational at any time, not only during the early phase of a project.”
Cui Bono? The Selective Revealing of Knowledge and Its Implications for Innovative Activity (2013, background): “Modularity of these ecosystems at large (Baldwin & Clark, 2000), as expressed by layered architectures (Pisano & Teece, 2007) or fragmented markets (Dollinger, 1990; Jacobs, 1974) may also increase the chance of selectively revealed knowledge being used and reciprocated.”
Maneuvering in poor visibility : How firms play the ecosystem game when uncertainty is high (2017, methodology): “The example of the IBM PC provides a case in point (e.g., Baldwin & Clark, 2000; Bresnahan & Greenstein, 1999; Gawer & Cusumano, 2002): IBM, not exactly a B2C company, followed precisely the above blueprint-based process when designing the distributed PC architecture—a value proposition that was…”
Finding the organizational sources of technological breakthroughs: the story of Hewlett‐Packard's thermal ink‐jet (2002, background): “The recombinant view begins with the classic definition that inventions are either novel combinations of physical components (Smith, 1776: 10; Schumpeter, 1939: 88; Usher, 1954; Basalla, 1988) or rearrangements of previously tried combinations (Henderson and Clark, 1990; Baldwin and Clark, 2000).”
The structure and value of modularity in software design (2001, methodology): “Balwin and Clark make the break-even assumption for an example in their book [1].”
Modularity: Implications for Imitation, Innovation, and Sustained Advantage (2006, background): “It is important that, in future research, scholars consider modularity in design in relation to modularity in production, as well as modularity in use (Baldwin & Clark, 2000).”
Digital product innovation within four classes of innovation networks (2016, background): “Anarchic innovation networks represent a radical shift from the dominant organizing logics of the industrial age that were based on modular thinking (Baldwin & Clark, 2000; Yoo et al ., 2010; Tuertscher et al ., 2014).”
Software economics: a roadmap (2000, background): “On the basis of this insight, they develop a theory of how modularity in design influenced the evolution of the industry structure for computers over the last forty years [6].”
China's Shallow Integration: Networked Production and the New Challenges for Late Industrialization (2004, unknown): “moto (2002), Baldwin and Clark (2000).”
The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions (2016, background): “This means that independent individuals, teams, or firms can work separately on different modules, yet the modules will work together as a whole (Baldwin and Clark, 2000).”
Into the black box: the knowledge transformation cycle (2003, background): “…architectures that allow mass customization and economies of scale at low model rates (Cusamano and Nobeoka 1998), and other modular architectures (Baldwin and Clark 2000) such as open (or proprietary) standards, common interfaces, or nomenclature that work to stabilize the boundaries across…”
Applying the design structure matrix to system decomposition and integration problems: a review and new directions (2001, background): “The foremost objective is to maximize interactions between elements within clusters (chunks) while minimizing interactions between clusters [11], [87], [98].”
A Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm - The Problem-Solving Perspective (2004, background): “This system, which is nearly decomposable, forms the basis for much on Baldwin and Clark’s (2000) discussion on degrees of modularity.”
Bounded Rationality and the Search for Organizational Architecture: An Evolutionary Perspective on the Design of Organizations and Their Evolvability (2004, background): “…that are hierarchical and nearly decomposable are widely reported in the literature (Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967; Adler, Goldoftas, and Levine, 1999; Baldwin and Clark, 2000), how one discovers or designs such an architecture for a complex product or organization is relatively underexplored.”