Embryonic stem cell differentiation: emergence of a new era in biology and medicine.

By G. Keller. Genes & Development, 2005

1,211 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The discovery of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells >20 years ago represented a major advance in biology and experimental medicine, as it enabled the routine manipulation of the mouse genome. Along with the capacity to induce genetic modifications, ES cells provided the basis for establishing an in vitro model of early mammalian development and represented a putative new source of differentiated cell types for cell replacement therapy. While ES cells have been used extensively for creating mouse mutants for more than a decade, their application as a model for developmental biology has been limited and their use in cell replacement therapy remains a goal for many in the field. Recent advances in our understanding of ES cell differentiation, detailed in this review, have provided new insights essential for establishing ES cell-based developmental models and for the generation of clinically relevant populations for cell therapy.

Subfields: Genetics, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ff9077b1d3cc7b04144431fe858c93324f6aae38

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Citations in the corpus

FGF stimulation of the Erk1/2 signalling cascade triggers transition of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from self-renewal to lineage commitment (2007, background): “These properties make ES cells a unique system in which to study developmental decisions and differentiation (Kouskoff et al., 2005; Nishikawa et al., 1998; Niwa et al., 2005; Smith, 2001a; Tada et al., 2005), and also a promising tool for biotechnological and biomedical applications (Keller, 2005).”
Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality (2006, neutral): “For ES cells, the maintenance of genome stability is essential to their value as tools for research and potential therapeutic vehicle”
Germline Competent Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Rat Blastocysts (2008, neutral): “They can be maintained in culture indefinitely while retaining the capacity to generate nearly any type of cell in the body (Keller, 2005).”
EZH1 mediates methylation on histone H3 lysine 27 and complements EZH2 in maintaining stem cell identity and executing pluripotency. (2008, background): “Differentiation of Ezh2 / ESCs Is Impaired, but Not to the Extent Seen in Eed / Cells Withdrawal of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) induces differentiation of mouse ESCs into various embryonic and extraembryonic lineages, a phenomenon mimicking in vivo gastrulation which requires the establishment ”
TAZ controls Smad nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and regulates human embryonic stem-cell self-renewal (2008, neutral): “As embryonic stem cells are a model for investigating early cell-fate commitment event”
Embryonic Stem Cell Specific MicroRNAs Regulate the G1/S Transition and Promote Rapid Proliferation (2008, methodology): “ES cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and have been used successfully as a tool to understand molecular mechanisms of early mammalian developmen”
An RNA code for the FOX2 splicing regulator revealed by mapping RNA-protein interactions in stem cells (2009, neutral): “Furthermore, hESCs are a nearly infinite source for generating specialized cells such as neurons and glia for potential therapeutic purposes or for screening small molecules to intervene with specific biological processe”
Modeling early retinal development with human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (2009, background): “One criterion for assessing hESCbased developmental model systems is the capacity to recapitulate the normal maturation sequence present in the embryo in a controlled, stepwise fashion (1, 2).”