How Within-District Spending Inequities Help Some Schools to Fail

By M. Roza, P. Hill. 2004

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The No Child Left Behind Act (2008, background): “To start, a 1 percent increase in student performance is associated with a 0.50 percent increase in per pupil expenditures in Kansas, and a 0.37 percent increase in Missouri.”
Identifying Effective Teachers Using Performance on the Job. The Hamilton Project Policy Brief No. 2006-01. (2006, background): “Schools with students from low-income families not only are left with less costly, less experienced teachers, but also receive no additional funding to raise salaries, hire additional staff, or provide additional services (Roza and Hill 2004).”
Examining Disparities in Mathematics Education: Achievement Gap or Opportunity Gap? (2007, background): “Roza and Hill (2004) point out, “Current Title I legislation allows districts to use average salary figures when comparing expenditures among schools.”
Segregating Arizona's English Learners: A Return to the “Mexican Room”? (2012, background): “…schools are more likely to report problems of student misbehavior, absenteeism, and lack of parental involvement than teachers in low poverty schools; teachers’ salaries and advanced training are also lower in high-poverty schools than in low-poverty schools (Miller, 2010; Roza et al., 2004).”