Host Immune System Gene Targeting by a Viral miRNA

By Noam Stern-Ginossar, Naama Elefant, A. Zimmermann, D. Wolf, Nivin Saleh, Moshe Biton, Elad Horwitz, Zafnat Prokocimer, M. Prichard, G. Hahn and 7 more. Science, 2007

701 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Immunology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ef89ff1f56bf8496b58c5107c8c4d246a8313839

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Citations in the corpus

Regulation of ligands for the NKG2D activating receptor (2013, background): “The initial relevant findings were that the human cytomegalovirus (84) as well as other viruses (85, 86) encode microRNAs that downregulate the expression of MICA, MICB, or ULBP3.”
MicroRNA control in the immune system: basic principles. (2009, background): “Thus, miR-UL112 encoded by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) downregulates the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain B (MICB), a stress-induced ligand of the natural killer (NK) cell activating receptor (NKG2D) that is critical for the NK cell killing of virus-infected cell”
Characterization of extracellular circulating microRNA (2011, background): “The recent discovery of virally encoded miRNAs in several pathogenic human viruses suggests that miRNAs may function in interspecies regulation involving viral miRNAs and host genes (21,22).”
Antiviral immunity directed by small RNAs. (2007, positive): “Several additional studies support the view that vertebrate viruses might extensively usurp the host miRNA pathway to complete their infection cycle (Jopling et al., 2005; Stern-Ginossar et al., 2007).”
Revisiting the principles of microRNA target recognition and mode of action (2009, background): “In human cells, cytomegalovirus produces a miRNA that uses a non-seed target site to repress a major histocompatibility complex-related gene, thereby avoiding the destruction of infected cells by the host immune syste”
Physiological and pathological roles for microRNAs in the immune system (2010, background): “It is interesting to note that certain herpesvirus family members, namely cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), produce miRNAs that target MICB mRNA, and this has been proposed as a mechanism of immune evasion by these viruse”
Viruses, microRNAs, and Host Interactions (2010, background): “Viral miRNA-mediated MICB downregulation leads to a reduction in NK-cell-mediated killing of infected cells (66, 84).”
The Role of MicroRNAs in Human Diseases (2010, background): “For example, miR-UL112-1 expressed by the human cyto-megalovirus has been demonstrated to target the major histocompatibility complex class 1-related chain B (162) .”
Immunobiology of Human Cytomegalovirus: from Bench to Bedside (2009, background): “(259), inhibition of NK cell-mediated lysis by HCMV UL142”
Functional delivery of viral miRNAs via exosomes (2010, background): “Virus-encoded miRNAs may exploit the host miRNAmachinery as part of a viral strategy to avoid host immune responses by silencing endogenous immunoregulatory genes (26), as recently shown in EBV lymphomas where the EBV-miRNA BHRF1-3 (15) targets the immunostimulatory gene CXCL11 (11).”
Modulation of natural killer cell activity by viruses (2010, positive): “Very recently crystal structure of UL16 in complex with MICB revealed that UL16 mimics a central binding motif of otherwise structurally unrelated NKG2D thus enabling the virus to disable several diverse NKG2D ligands [30].”