FROM PHONEMIC DIFFERENCES TO CONSTRAINT RANKINGS: Research on Second Language Phonology

By Fred R. Eckman. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2004

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Does a Speaking Task Affect Second Language Comprehensibility (2015, background): “From a theoretical standpoint, nearly all conceptual frameworks of L2 speech learning predict L1-specific influences on production (e.g., Eckman, 2004; Escudero & Boersma, 2004; Flege, 2003).”
Second Language Comprehensibility Revisited: Investigating the Effects of Learner Background (2015, background): “…in L2 pronunciation learning ascribe an important role to speakers’ first language (L1) in determining the rate and ultimate success of learning (e.g., Eckman, 2004; Escudero & Boersma, 2004; Flege, 2003), previous research on comprehensibility and accent paid little attention to speakers’ L1.”
Orthographic input and second language phonology (2008, background): “Still, it has been argued that if Japanese ESL learners are able to articulate [l] and [r], they just need to know whether an L2 word is spelled with an <l> or an <r> and they will be able to pronounce it (Brown, 1998; Eckman, 2004).”