Across the thin blue line: police officers and racial bias in the decision to shoot.

By Joshua Correll, Bernadette Park, C. Judd, Bernd Wittenbrink, Melody Sadler, Tracie Keesee. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007

670 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Political Science and International Relations, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/e8760bdc0098e2b4620e6d92d5140a6c199bdcec

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Citations in the corpus

The existence of implicit bias is beyond reasonable doubt: A refutation of ideological and methodological objections and executive summary of ten studies that no manager should ignore (2009, neutral): “Correll et al. (2007) showed that police ofﬁcers and civilians were (a) quicker to ‘‘shoot’’ armed black (vs. white) suspects, and (b) slower to refrain from shooting unarmed black (vs. white) suspects.”
Disproportionate Use of Lethal Force in Policing Is Associated With Regional Racial Biases of Residents (2018, result): “Rather than examine the racial biases of police officers directly as in previous work (Correll et al., 2007; Sim, Correll, & Sadler, 2013; Terrill & Reisig, 2003), we instead examined the context in which officers operate.”
Differentially dangerous? Phenotypic racial stereotypicality increases implicit bias among ingroup and outgroup members (2011, background): “…targets conform to cultural stereotypes (i.e., armed Blacks, unarmed Whites), participants tend to make correct decisions, but when those cultural stereotypes are reversed (i.e., unarmed Blacks, armed Whites) participants’ decision-making ability is impaired (Correll et al., 2002, 2007).”
History of Social Psychology: Insights, Challenges, and Contributions to Theory and Application (2010, result): “Correll et al. (2007) conceptually replicated that result but then demonstrated that trained police officers were less likely to exhibit racial bias in a simulated shooting context than were community members—i.”
Opening Pandora’s Box: How Does Defendant Race Influence Plea Bargaining? (2016, background): “…video games to simulate police use of deadly force shows that subjects are more likely to unintentionally shoot African-American suspects than white suspects (Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002), though actual police offers perform better in these tasks than civilians (Correll et al., 2007).”
Implicit Bias and Policing (2016, background): “Multiple studies have now shown that police officers, when tested, exhibit shooter bias (e.g., Correll et al., 2007; Peruche & Plant, 2006; Plant & Peruche, 2005).”
Unconscious Racism: A Concept in Pursuit of a Measure (2008, background): “Thus, although personal control represents an important area of research in the study of racial bias (see Payne 2001, Correll et al. 2007), lack of control does not provide a viable line for delineating between consciously and unconsciously held racist attitudes.”
The turban effect: The influence of Muslim headgear and induced affect on aggressive responses in the shooter bias paradigm (2008, background): “For example, when instructed to shoot only at targets who carry a gun, US participants revealed a strong bias to shoot more at Black rather than White targets, even though race had no diagnostic relevance (Correll et al., 2002, 2007; see also, Payne, 2001; Plant & Peruche, 2005).”