IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines.

By J. Schmitz, Alexander M. Owyang, E. Oldham, Yaoli Song, E. Murphy, T. Mcclanahan, G. Zurawski, Mehrdad Moshrefi, J. Qin, Xiaoxia Li and 4 more. Immunity, 2005

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Cytokines of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, such as IL-1 alpha/beta and IL-18, have important functions in host defense, immune regulation, and inflammation. Insight into their biological functions has led to novel therapeutic approaches to treat human inflammatory diseases. Within the IL-1 family, IL-1 alpha/beta, IL-1Ra, and IL-18 have been matched to their respective receptor complexes and have been shown to have distinct biological functions. The most prominent orphan IL-1 receptor is ST 2. This receptor has been described as a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor-IL-1 receptor signaling, but it also functions as an important effector molecule of T helper type 2 responses. We report a member of the IL-1 family, IL-33, which mediates its biological effects via IL-1 receptor ST 2, activates NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and drives production of T(H)2-associated cytokines from in vitro polarized T(H)2 cells. In vivo, IL-33 induces the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and leads to severe pathological changes in mucosal organs.

Subfields: Immunology, Surgery

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/dd1d508635ce3b1b46dc117a5b449c5cf11d36bf

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Citations in the corpus

IL-33 is a crucial amplifier of innate rather than acquired immunity (2010, background): “S5), but not T cell-derived IL-4 and/or IL-13, is important for the event.”
How are TH2-type immune responses initiated and amplified? (2010, background): “Functions of IL-33: initiation, amplification or both? IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 famil”
The IL-1-like cytokine IL-33 is inactivated after maturation by caspase-1 (2009, methodology): “(4), we confirmed that in vitro translated human IL-33 can be cleaved by caspase-1 to a 20–22 kDa form, as determined by SDS/PAGE (Fig.”
The inflammasomes: guardians of the body. (2009, background): “IL-33 induces the expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and mediates Th2 polarization by engaging the ST2 receptor (233).”
IL‐33 induces IL‐13 production by mouse mast cells independently of IgE‐FcεRI signals (2007, background): “E-mail: snakae@nch.go.jp Received April 2, 2007; revised August 20, 2007; accepted August 29, 2007. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0407200 0741-5400/07/0082-1481 © Society for Leukocyte Biology Journal of Leukocyte Biology Volume 82, December 2007 1481 mice in vivo, can induce the development of splenomegaly and ”
The IL-1-Like Cytokine IL-33 Is Constitutively Expressed in the Nucleus of Endothelial Cells and Epithelial Cells In Vivo: A Novel ‘Alarmin’? (2008, background): “IL-33 (initially designated NF-HEV for ‘‘Nuclear Factor from High Endothelial Venules’’ [1]) is the most recent addition to the IL-1 family [2,3].”
Function of miR-146a in controlling Treg cell-mediated regulation of Th1 responses (2010, positive): “Furthermore, Th2 responses are also facilitated by signaling through IL-1R and IL-33R, another TRAF6/IRAK-dependent IL-1R family member (Ben-Sasson et al., 2009; Schmitz et al., 2005).”
Interleukins (from IL-1 to IL-38), interferons, transforming growth factor β, and TNF-α: Receptors, functions, and roles in diseases. (2016, background): “IL-37, a recently described cytokine, requires the receptors IL-18Ra and IL-1R8 to carry out its signal transduction.59 IL-33 As a member of the IL-1 family, IL-33 is a potent inducer of type 2 responses in T cells and ILCs through its receptor, ST2.”
Th2 Cytokines and Atopic Dermatitis (2011, background): “IL-33: IL-33 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines [21] and is known to induce expression of the Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in vitro, as well as induction of splenomegaly, increased blood eosinophils and serum immunoglobulins when delivered in vivo [27].”