Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping

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Studying and Constructing Concept Maps: a Meta-Analysis (2018, background): “According to Karpicke and Blunt (2011, p. 772), “concept mapping bears the defining characteristics of an elaborative study method: It requires students to enrich the material they are studying and encode meaningful relationships among concepts within an organized knowledge structure.” In order for ”
The Impact of Generative AI on Critical Thinking: Self-Reported Reductions in Cognitive Effort and Confidence Effects From a Survey of Knowledge Workers (2025, unknown): “Research shows that summarising material and follow-up writing practice enhance memory by integrating new knowledge with existing knowledge [62, 93, 134], but real-world summary writing is often passive and ineffective [15, 16, 41, 121, 140], and thus may not improve recall in comparison to simply…”