Incentives and Test-Based Accountability in Education

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Curricular Tracking and Central Examinations: Counterbalancing the Impact of Social Background on Student Achievement in 36 Countries (2014, background): “A review study conducted under auspices of the National Research Council in fact concluded that test-based incentive programmes have failed to increase student performance in the United States (Hout and Elliott 2011).”
Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions (2020, unknown): “For example, Hout and Elliott (2011) concluded that HST encourages teachers to focus narrowly on the material expected to appear on the tests.”
Effects of Inequality and Poverty vs. Teachers and Schooling on America's Youth (2013, unknown): “In fact, the prestigious and non-political National Research Council (2011) says clearly that the NCLB policy is a failure, and all the authors of chapters in a recently edited book offering alternative policies to NCLB reached the same conclusion (Timar & Maxwell-Jolly, 2012).”
Education and Poverty: Confronting the Evidence. Working Papers Series. SAN11-01. (2011, background): “For a full discussion, see Hout and Elliotts (2011).”