Speech, "inner speech," and the development of short-term memory: effects of picture labeling on recall.

By G. Hitch, M. Halliday, A. Schaafstal, T. Heffernan. 1991

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The development of visuo-spatial working memory (2001, background): “According to this view, by the time information enters working memory it is already in the form of an ‘‘interpreted package’’, rather than a set of meaningless items (Ellis, Della Sala, & Logie, 1996).”
Phonological, visual, and semantic coding strategies and children's short-term picture memory span (2012, background): “Hitch et al. (1991) argued that overt speech “primed” the use of phonological representations in young children who would not otherwise use phonological coding with visual items.”
Inner speech is used to mediate short-term memory, but not planning, among intellectually high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder (2012, background): “Hence, articulatory suppression minimizes or eliminates the PSE in older individuals (e.g., Cowan, Cartwright, Winterowd, & Sherk, 1987; Ford & Silber, 1994; Hasselhorn & Grube, 2003; Hitch et al., 1991; see also Tam, Jarrold, Baddeley, & Sabatos-DeVito, 2010), and also results in a significant visu”
Language and Executive Functions: The Effect of Articulatory Suppression on Executive Functioning in Children (2012, result): “This is in line with findings of previous studies describing language as supportive for updating relevant information, establishing stimulus–response associations or response activation (Hitch et al., 1991; Kray et al., 2009; Miyake et al., 2004).”