Development and functional significance of private speech among attention- deficit hyperactivity disordered and normal boys

By L. Berk, Mike K. Potts. 1991

Subfields: Cognitive Science & Psychology

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Inner Speech: Development, Cognitive Functions, Phenomenology, and Neurobiology (2015, background): “However, there is also evidence for continuing high levels of private speech use well into the elementary school years (Berk & Garvin, 1984; Berk & Potts, 1991) and indeed into adulthood (Duncan & Cheyne, 2001; Duncan & Tarulli, 2009).”
Make-Believe Play: Wellspring for Development of Self-Regulation. (2006, background): “We were particularly interested in whether make-believe development of both play and private speech (Alessandri, 1992; Berk, 2001; Berk & Potts, 1991; Berk & Landau, 1993).”
Private speech on an executive task: relations with task difficulty and task performance (2005, background): “As noted in the Introduction, Vygotsky’s claim that private speech ‘goes underground’ during the early school years has received only modest support (e.g.,Berk & Garvin, 1984; Berk & Potts, 1991).”
Performance and Private Speech of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder While Taking the Tower of Hanoi Test: Effects of Depth of Search, Diagnostic Subtype, and Methylphenidate (2005, background): “Under the stimulant, these youngsters exhibited less level II and more level III private speech but did not reduce their level I verbalizations ( Berk & Potts, 1991 ).”
Individual differences in children's private speech: the role of imaginary companions. (2013, unknown): “For example, there is evidence that developmental disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Berk & Landau, 1993; Berk & Potts, 1991; Winsler, Manfra, & Diaz, 2007) and even specific language impairment (Lidstone, Meins, & Fernyhough, 2012) merely delay the internalization of…”
Private speech in preschool children: developmental stability and change, across-task consistency, and relations with classroom behaviour (2003, background): “…or youngsters seen by their teachers as impulsive/hard-to-manage) appear to rely more on private speech and be delayed in speech internalization (Berk & Potts, 1991; Diaz, Winsler, Atencio & Harbers, 1992; Berk & Landau, 1993; Winsler, 1998; Winsler et al., 1999) compared to children without…”
Individual differences in children's private speech: Consistency across tasks, timepoints, and contexts (2011, background): “Numeracy work was not divided into trials so, at Time 2, an observation period was defined as a period of on-task time lasting 10 s (after Berk & Landau, 1993, and other studies measuring children PS production during completion of school work; Berk, 1986, Berk & Potts, 1991).”
Private Speech and Executive Functioning among High-Functioning Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (2007, unknown): “That is, children diagnosed with, or at risk for, ADHD are found to use the same amount of, if not more, overt PS during problem-solving tasks compared to age-matched controls (Berk & Potts, 1991; Lawrence et al., 2002; Winsler, 1998; Winsler et al., 2000).”
Signed soliloquy: visible private speech. (2013, background): “…a limited time frame during childhood for the employment of private speech, several authors (Duncan & Cheyne, 1999; 2002; Berk & Garvin, 1984; Berk & Potts, 1991; Kronk, 1994) reported its frequent use well into the elementary school years and adulthood and hence are not in agreement with…”