Structure and function of xanthine oxidoreductase: where are we now?

By R. Harrison. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2002

799 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Nephrology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/cc7fd1743fd58e10824af61ea3bd3b4582dcc05d

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In Molecular Biology

1. Guido Kroemer
2. L. Galluzzi
3. Oliver Kepp
4. M. Valko
5. C. Brenner
6. S. Neill
7. J. Hancock
8. Radhika Desikan

In Nephrology

1. S. Gandhi
2. Guido Kroemer
3. A. Abramov
4. J. Hare
5. J. Hancock
6. Radhika Desikan
7. C. Berry
8. K. Sugamura

In Physiology

1. L. Galluzzi
2. Guido Kroemer
3. S. Gandhi
4. A. Abramov
5. J. Hare
6. I. Peluso
7. M. Valko
8. J. Hancock

Citations in the corpus

• Mechanism of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration (2012, background): “On reperfusion, oxygen is again available and, in the presence of XO and hypoxanthine, is reduced to hydrogen peroxide and superoxide [88, 89].”
• The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2015, background): “Particularly during reperfusion, oxygen is reduced to its radical forms, H2O2 and O2 , in the presence of XO [2, 34, 35].”
• Physiological role of indigenous milk enzymes: An overview of an evolving picture (2006, background): “The enzyme is synthesized as xanthine dehydrogenase, but can be readily converted to xanthine oxidase by oxidation of sulfhydryl residues or by proteolysis (Harrison, 2002).”
• Xanthine oxidoreductase and cardiovascular disease: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological implications (2004, background): “Doel et al. (2001) demonstrated that reduction of organic nitrates occurs at the FAD site, in contrast to the reduction of inorganic nitrate at Mo–Co. Harrison (2002) has reviewed the generation of NO by XOR-mediated metabolism of nitrovasodilators at great length.”
• ROS Generation and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Normal and Malignant Cells (2019, background): “Moreover, XOR also catalyzes the reduction of nitrates and nitrites to nitric oxide (NO) [51].”
• Reactive Oxygen Species in Cardiovascular Disease (2011, background): “It is also important to realize that Mn-SOD generates H2O2, another ROS with pathophysiologic importance as overexpression of peroxiredoxin-3 (a mitochondrial H2O2 scavenger) prevents heart failure after experimental MI in mice [51].”
• Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence (2004, background): “It is a member of a group of enzymes known as molybdenum iron–sulfur flavin hydroxylases and catalyses the hydroxylation of purines [25, 26].”
• Therapeutic Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors: Renaissance Half a Century after the Discovery of Allopurinol (2006, background): “Mechanistic studies of XO and related work on the electron transfer processes has been reviewed (Hille, 1996; Harrison, 2002, 2004); the latter topic also remains a very active area of investigation (Canne et al., 1999; Caldeira et al., 2000; Eger et al., 2000; Enroth et al., 2000; Truglio et al.,…”
• Measurement and Clinical Significance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans (2017, background): “Inflammatory or hypoxic conditions promote XDH expression in tissues and vascular endothelial cells and stimulate XDH release into the circulation [333].”
• Decoding cell death signals in liver inflammation. (2013, background): “A quantitatively minor but functionally not less important fraction of intracellular ROS is produced by plasma membrane, cytosolic and reticular multicomponent NADPH oxidases (NOXs), including NOX1, which participates in TNFR1-dependent NF-jB activation, JNK activation, and necroptosis [49], by xant”