Shades of Silence: Emerging Themes and Future Directions for Research on Silence in Organizations

By Frances J. Milliken, E. W. Morrison. 2003

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Silenced by fear:: The nature, sources, and consequences of fear at work (2009, background): “We suggest that speaking up to someone in a position of authority at work – even with unthreatening content – is often tacitly understood by people as challenging the authority rather than merely asking questions or suggesting an improvement (Detert & Edmondson, 2008; Milliken & Morrison, 2003).”
Employee silence motives: Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures (2013, background): “As Milliken and Morrison (2003) observed, such organizations would be chaotic and disordered.”
Workplace bullying and employee silence (2017, background): “Moreover, withholding critical information also hinders the organization in identifying and correcting the problem in a timely fashion and thereby preventing further damage (Morrison and Milliken, 2000; Milliken and Morrison, 2003; Tangirala and Ramanujam, 2008).”