CRISPR interference: RNA-directed adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea

By L. Marraffini, E. Sontheimer. Nature reviews genetics, 2010

1,027 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Sequence-directed genetic interference pathways control gene expression and preserve genome integrity in all kingdoms of life. The importance of such pathways is highlighted by the extensive study of RNA interference (RNAi) and related processes in eukaryotes. In many bacteria and most archaea, clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) are involved in a more recently discovered interference pathway that protects cells from bacteriophages and conjugative plasmids. CRISPR sequences provide an adaptive, heritable record of past infections and express CRISPR RNAs — small RNAs that target invasive nucleic acids. Here, we review the mechanisms of CRISPR interference and its roles in microbial physiology and evolution. We also discuss potential applications of this novel interference pathway.

Subfields: Ecology, Genetics, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c28fb4317fe9d586842832cd2668573d80fa6474

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Citations in the corpus

Genome-wide binding of the CRISPR endonuclease Cas9 in mammalian cells (2014, positive): “For each sgRNA, we observed ∼ 100 fold enrichment for dCas9 at the on-target site compared to flanking regions, and the spatial resolution is sufficient to distinguish between two binding sites separated by 22 base pairs (bps) (Nanog-sg2 and Nanog-sg3) (Fig.”
Genome Editing—Principles and Applications for Functional Genomics Research and Crop Improvement (2017, background): “that protects cells by selectively targeting and destroying foreign DNA, such as viruses or plasmids (Horvath and Barrangou, 2010; Marraffini and Sontheimer, 2010).”
Crystal Structure of Cas9 in Complex with Guide RNA and Target DNA (2014, background): “…regularly interspaced palindromic repeat)-Cas system is a naturally occurring, adaptive microbial immune system for defense against invading phages and other mobile genetic elements (Deveau et al., 2010; Horvath and Barrangou, 2010; Marraffini and Sontheimer, 2010; Terns and Terns, 2011).”
CRISPR-Cas systems in bacteria and archaea: versatile small RNAs for adaptive defense and regulation. (2011, background): “Several recent reviews have described the experiments that led to the discovery of this new defense system (5, 24, 49, 58, 104, 113) or have focused on the mechanism of action of the CRISPR-Cas system in bacteria (56, 76) or in archaea (32, 99, 108); others have examined the CRISPR-Cas system from a”
Potential Benefits and Risks for Soil Health Derived From the Use of Organic Amendments in Agriculture (2019, background): “Finally, the possibility of using CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), a prokaryotic immune system which protects bacteria and archaea against phage attack and undesired plasmid replication [229], is being investigated to selectively remove ARGs from bacterial popu”
CRISPR-Mediated Modular RNA-Guided Regulation of Transcription in Eukaryotes (2013, background): “Prokaryotes have evolved diverse RNA-mediated systems that use short CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins to detect and defend against invading DNA elements (Bhaya et al., 2011; Marraffini and Sontheimer, 2008, 2010; Wiedenheft et al., 2012).”
Diverse evolutionary roots and mechanistic variations of the CRISPR-Cas systems (2016, background): “Cas6 is a metal-independent endoribonuclease that recognizes and cleaves a single phosphodiester bond in the repeat sequences of a pre-crRNA transcript (12, 74, 75).”
Discovery and functional characterization of diverse Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems (2015, background): “…computational discovery pipeline; RNA-seq INTRODUCTION CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas (CRISPRASsociated proteins) are adaptive immune systems of archaea and bacteria (Marraffini and Sontheimer, 2010; Koonin and Makarova, 2013; Barrangou and Marraffini, 2014).”
Target specificity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system (2014, neutral): “The CRISPR-Cas system is widely found in bacterial and archaeal genomes as a defense mechanism against invading viruses and plasmids [1–6].”