Autophagy in mammalian development and differentiation

By N. Mizushima, Beth Levine. Nature Cell Biology, 2010

1,527 citations recorded by the source corpus.

It has been known for many decades that autophagy, a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is highly active during differentiation and development. However, until the discovery of the autophagy-related (ATG) genes in the 1990s, the functional significance of this activity was unknown. Initially, genetic knockout studies of ATG genes in lower eukaryotes revealed an essential role for the autophagy pathway in differentiation and development. In recent years, the analyses of systemic and tissue-specific knockout models of ATG genes in mice has led to an explosion of knowledge about the functions of autophagy in mammalian development and differentiation. Here we review the main advances in our understanding of these functions.

Subfields: Cell Biology, Epidemiology, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/c0e5e7e07597390b98f6f480825b0027a6dbdefb

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Citations in the corpus

Exercise–induced BCL2–regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis (2012, methodology): “f, Co-immunoprecipitation of beclin 1 with BCL2 inmuscle tissue frommice of indicated genotype at rest (2) or after 30 min of exercise.”
Principles and Current Strategies for Targeting Autophagy for Cancer Treatment (2011, background): “They include distinct steps for AV production and turnover, including (1) initiation, (2) nucleation of, and (3) maturation of AVs, and (4) fusion and degradation of AV contents in lysosomes (Fig.”
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (2012, positive): “There are multiple ULK isoforms in mammalian cells including ULK1, ULK2, ULK3, ULK4 and STK36.(452) ULK3 is a positive regulator of the Hedgehog signaling pathway,(453) and its overexpression induces both autophagy and senescence.”
ER stress: Autophagy induction, inhibition and selection (2015, background): “In contrast, microautophagy, the least characterized mechanism, results in the isolation of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles by inward introversion or septation of lysosomal membranes.(68) In chaperone-mediated autophagy, targeted proteins reach the proteases of the lysosomal matrix by direct tra”
Autophagy‐based unconventional secretory pathway for extracellular delivery of IL‐1β (2011, background): “Based on the known and on yet to be uncovered functions, autophagy has broad impact in fundamental biology (Mizushima and Levine, 2010) and in human health (Mizushima et al, 2008) including aging (Alavez et al, 2011), cancer (Guo et al, 2011), neurodegeneration (Renna et al, 2010; Wong and Cuervo, 2”
Autophagy modulation as a potential therapeutic target for diverse diseases (2012, neutral): “cAMP–EPAC–PLCε–Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ca2+–calpain–GSα pathways”
Crosstalk between apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (2013, background): “Although it is primarily considered to have a cytoprotective function, autophagy can also promote cell death during normal development (reviewed in [13]), as well as, in disease (reviewed in [14]).”
The Transcription Factor TFEB Links mTORC1 Signaling to Transcriptional Control of Lysosome Homeostasis (2012, positive): “The degradation and recycling of macromolecules by the autophagy-lysosome pathway plays a critical role in regulation of nutrient homeostasis as was in the normal cellular remodeling associated with development and differentiation (1, 2).”
A vesicular transport pathway shuttles cargo from mitochondria to lysosomes. (2012, positive): “ATG5 is a core component of autophagic vesicles and has been shown to be requisite for the autophagosomal pathway [11].”
The Roles of Autophagy in Cancer (2018, background): “Autophagy responds to a range of cellular stresses, including nutrient deprivation, organelle damage, and abnormal protein accumulation (Figure 1) [12,13].”
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (2012, background): “There are multiple ULK isoforms in mammalian cells including ULK1, ULK2, ULK3, ULK4 and STK36.”
Autophagy in immunity and inflammation (2011, background): “In T cells, in which mitochondrial numbers are developmentally regulated during the transition from thymocyte to mature circulating T cell, the developmental defect in autophagy-deficient cells may be related to the defective clearance of mitochondria 44 .”