Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells and in vivo : a specific vascular action of insulin.

By K. Kuboki, Zhen Y Jiang, N. Takahara, S. Ha, M. Igarashi, T. Yamauchi, E. Feener, Terrance P. Herbert, C. Rhodes, G. King. Circulation, 2000

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Diabetes and endothelial dysfunction: a clinical perspective. (2001, methodology): “More recently, using physiological concentrations of insulin, King’s group (105) found that the hormone increased the levels of eNOS mRNA, protein, and its activity by 2-fold after 2–8 h of incubation of ECs.”
Hyperglycemia inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by posttranslational modification at the Akt site. (2001, background): “This effect is inhibited by protein kinase C activators (31).”
Vascular complications of diabetes: mechanisms of injury and protective factors (2013, background): “Insulin can activate and upregulate gene expression of eNOS (Kuboki et al., 2000), which is considered to have an antiatherosclerotic effect.”
Cardiovascular actions of insulin. (2007, background): “In addition, PI3K mediates effects of insulin to stimulate increased expression of eNOS in endothelial cells (32, 33).”
Oxidative Stress in Obesity: A Critical Component in Human Diseases (2014, background): “Other effects induced by PKC activation include inhibition of eNOS in endothelial cells [74], increased endothelial”
Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (2007, neutral): “This effect of insulin is blunted in patients with insulin resistance (Kuboki et al 2000).”