Dysbiosis of the faecal microbiota in patients with Crohn's disease and their unaffected relatives

By M. Joossens, G. Huys, M. Cnockaert, V. De Preter, K. Verbeke, P. Rutgeerts, Peter Vandamme, Severine Vermeire. Gut, 2011

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Background and aims A general dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has been established in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), but a systematic characterisation of this dysbiosis is lacking. Therefore the composition of the predominant faecal microbiota of patients with CD was studied in comparison with the predominant composition in unaffected controls. Whether dysbiosis is present in relatives of patients CD was also examined. Methods Focusing on families with at least three members affected with CD, faecal samples of 68 patients with CD, 84 of their unaffected relatives and 55 matched controls were subjected to community fingerprinting of the predominant microbiota using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). To analyse the DGGE profiles, BioNumerics software and non-parametric statistical analyses (SPSS V.17.0) were used. Observed differences in the predominant microbiota were subsequently confirmed and quantified with real-time PCR. Results Five bacterial species characterised dysbiosis in CD, namely a decrease in Dialister invisus (p=0.04), an uncharacterised species of Clostridium cluster XIVa (p=0.03), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p<1.3×10−5) and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (p=5.4×10−6), and an increase in Ruminococcus gnavus (p=2.1×10−7). Unaffected relatives of patients with CD had less Collinsella aerofaciens (p=0.004) and a member of the Escherichia coli–Shigella group (p=0.01) and more Ruminococcus torques (p=0.02) in their predominant microbiota as compared with healthy subjects. Conclusion Unaffected relatives of patients with CD have a different composition of their microbiota compared with healthy controls. This dysbiosis is not characterised by lack of butyrate producing-bacteria as observed in CD but suggests a role for microorganisms with mucin degradation capacity.

Subfields: Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c76b951197740ae02ffa2ef816767ede9de1b85

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Citations in the corpus

Decreased Bacterial Diversity Characterizes an Altered Gut Microbiota in Psoriatic Arthritis and Resembles Dysbiosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2015, background): “Many Ruminococcus species, except R gnavus, are decreased in Crohn’s disease (32).”
Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Cause or Consequence? IBD Treatment Targeting the Gut Microbiome (2019, background): “Ano her study has shown the association of five bacterial sp cies, including an increase n Rumi ococcus gnavus and a decr ase in Bifidobacte ium adole centis, Dialister invisus, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and a unknown member of Clostridium cl ter XIVa [82].”
Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life. (2015, background): “R. gnavus can utilize host mucin glycans and has been found to increase in adult patients with Crohn’s disease, while Roseburia inulinivorans grows on the prebiotic dietary fiber inulin (Joossens et al., 2011; Prindiville et al., 2004; Willing et al., 2010).”
What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases (2019, result): “In the case of CRD patients, another study [69] demonstrated a decrease in Dialister invisus, an uncharacterized species of Clostridium spp.”
Dysbiosis in the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, with a Striking Depletion of Species Belonging to Clostridia XIVa and IV Clusters (2015, background): “The significant decrease in Sutterella wadsworthensis in MS is unlikely linked to IBD [34], but it was less frequently detected in ileal and cecal biopsy samples from children with gastrointestinal dysfunction than in those from children with both autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction [35].”
Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease (2017, background): “prausnitzii and other members of the Ruminococcaceae family in Crohn’s disease [96, 98], or representatives of the Clostridium XIVa cluster, including members of the Lachnospiraceae family, in a myriad of diseases [97–99].”
Mucin glycan foraging in the human gut microbiome (2015, background): “The same findings were observed in fecal samples from CD patients compared to unaffected controls (Sokol et al., 2009; Joossens et al., 2011).”
Impacts of Gut Bacteria on Human Health and Diseases (2015, background): “CD but suggested mucin-degradation capacity of microorganisms [62].”
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in disease (2015, background): “In CD, the predominant dysbiosis has been described to be associated with five bacterial species amongst which alterations in the abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is associated with the prolongation of disease remission (32, 33), with this bacterium having a therapeutic effect in experiment”
Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics (2011, background): “Recently, Joossens and colleagues identified a set of five bacterial species that characterised the predominant dysbiosis in CD patients compared with unaffected relatives and healthy individuals (Joossens et al. 2011).”