Evidence that blatant versus subtle stereotype threat cues impact performance through dual processes.

By Jeff Stone, Chad M. Mcwhinnie. 2008

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The Role of Gender Identities and Stereotype Salience With the Academic Performance of Male and Female College Athletes (2009, background): “…resources that targets need to perform well on a challenging task (Schmader & Johns, 2003), but rather than focusing on how individual test items are solved, it highlights how threat impacts the broader strategies that targets employ as they approach the task (Stone, 2002; Stone & McWhinnie, 2008).”
Of Warrior Chiefs and Indian Princesses: The Psychological Consequences of American Indian Mascots (2008, background): “For example, when negative stereotypes are present in the classroom, students perform less well on tests (Cole et al., 2007; Good, Aronson, & Jayne, 2007), and when stereotypes are present in sports, athletic performance is compromised (Stone, Lynch, Sjomeling, & Darley, 1999; Stone & McWhinnie, 20”
The influence of sex stereotypes and gender roles on participation and performance in sport and exercise: review and future directions. (2013, background): “Drawing upon stereotype threat theory, a few studies indicate that the mere presence of stereotypes in an evaluative situation may be sufficient to detract females’ sport performance (e.g., Chalabaev, Sarrazin et al., 2008; Stone & McWhinnie, 2008).”