The Priming Effects of Avatars in Virtual Settings

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Just a Game? Unjustified Virtual Violence Produces Guilt in Empathetic Players (2010, background): “Extending this research to virtual violence, Peña, Hancock, and Merola (2009) demonstrated that users navigating a character in a black robe developed more aggressive attitudes and intentions toward other players than those navigating a character in a white robe.”
Embodiment and presence in virtual worlds: a review (2010, background): “Pena et al .’s (2009) research using black-and white-cloaked avatars to prime a user’s attitudes and behavior, provides support for this ‘crystallized’ (Tracy and Trethewey, 2005) view of the self; depending on the avatar’s priming effect, a certain self emerges.”
Illusory ownership of a virtual child body causes overestimation of object sizes and implicit attitude changes (2013, background): “” Further studies have focused on avatar appearance and its effect on behavior and cognition (27).”
Avatar characteristics induce users’ behavioral conformity with small-to-medium effect sizes: a meta-analysis of the proteus effect (2019, background): “antisocial behavior (Peña, Hancock, & Merola, 2009; Yoon & Vargas, 2014), food choice (Fox, Bailenson, & Binney, 2009; Sah, Ratan, Sandy Tsai, Peng, & Sarinopoulos, 2016), physical exercise (Li, Lwin, & Jung, 2014; Peña, Khan, & Alexopoulos, 2016; Peña & Kim, 2014), racial bias (Aviles, 2017; Peck,…”