Thematic review series: Brain Lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 16, 2004. DOI…
By J. Dietschy, S. Turley. Journal of Lipid Research, 2004
857 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Unesterified cholesterol is an essential structural component of the plasma membrane of every cell. During evolution, this membrane came to play an additional, highly specialized role in the central nervous system (CNS) as the major architectural component of compact myelin. As a consequence, in the human the mean concentration of unesterified cholesterol in the CNS is higher than in any other tissue (∼23 mg/g). Furthermore, even though the CNS accounts for only 2.1% of body weight, it contains 23% of the sterol present in the whole body pool. In all animals, most growth and differentiation of the CNS occurs in the first few weeks or years after birth, and the cholesterol required for this growth apparently comes exclusively from de novo synthesis. Currently, there is no evidence for the net transfer of sterol from the blood into the brain or spinal cord. In adults, the rate of synthesis exceeds the need for new structural sterol, so that net movement of cholesterol out of the CNS must take place. At least two pathways are used for this excretory process, one of which involves the formation of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol. Whether or not changes in the plasma cholesterol concentration alter sterol metabolism in the CNS or whether such changes affect cognitive function in the brain or the incidence of dementia remain uncertain at this time.
Subfields: Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Surgery
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/b0cc572f27b1af0ea368244000230ab5aa24bd4f
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Citations in the corpus
- Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutical targets in Huntington's disease. (2010, background): “Moreover, brain cholesterol does not come from the periphery but is synthesized locally, particularly during early development in parallel to myelin production (145).”
- Cellular cholesterol trafficking and compartmentalization (2008, background): “Cerebrosterol diffuses across the blood–brain barrier and is then converted to bile acids by the live”
- Consumption of raw or heated milk from different species: An evaluation of the nutritional and potential health benefits (2014, background): “Cholesterol is mostly associated with cardiovascular diseases, but is also an important component of body cell membranes and of the central nervous system (Dietschy & Turley, 2004; Gidding et al., 2006).”
- Cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the brain (2015, neutral): “The amount of sterol in brain ranges about 15–20 mg per g in many species, among them most of the sterol is unesterified cholesterol (Dietschy and Turley, 2004).”