Topological overview of hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicular power system architectures and configurations

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Power Electronics and Motor Drives in Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2008, background): “In electric vehicles, HEVs, PHEVs, and fuel-cell vehicles, the challenges are to achieve high efficiency, ruggedness, small sizes, and low costs in power converters and electric machines, as well as in associated electronics [1], [2].”
Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV Propulsion Systems: A Comparative Study (2006, neutral): “sustained power, while the electric motor may still be about a half [3], [7].”
Advanced Integrated Bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2009, background): “CONVERSION of conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) [1]–[3] into plug-in HEVs [4], [5] to reduce fuel consumption [2] has been considered by both academia and the automotive industry [6].”
A Comparative Study of Fuel-Cell–Battery, Fuel-Cell–Ultracapacitor, and Fuel-Cell–Battery–Ultracapacitor Vehicles (2008, background): “The ESS is usually a battery module, an ultracapacitor module, or a combination of both [4]–[6].”
Electric, Hybrid, and Fuel-Cell Vehicles: Architectures and Modeling (2010, neutral): “and 3) series–parallel hybrid [1], [14], [15].”