Directing attention to movement effects enhances learning: A review

By Gabriele Wulf, Wolfgang Prinz. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2001

742 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6cbc67a268ee3542a1b4214795e3b50169fbddd

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Citations in the corpus

Effects of Attentional Focus on Skilled Performance in Golf (2009, methodology): “Although the consistent benefits associated with an external focus are in line with this theory, Wulf and Prinz (2001) have argued that “the theory does not specifically predict the differential learning effects of external versus internal attentional foci” (p. 656).”
Increases in Jump-and-Reach Height through an External Focus of Attention (2007, neutral): “focus") [1, 2, 3, 4].”
Pay attention! A review of visual attentional expertise in sport (2009, background): “Based on the work by Wulf and Prinz (2001), the experiments distinguish between an internal and external attention focus in the execution of motor skills.”
Stereotype threat and sport: can athletic performance be threatened? (2004, background): “In fact, such skills are performed best when they run largely outside of conscious control (Beilock & Carr, 2001; Fitts & Posner, 1967; Kimble & Perlmuter, 1970; Proctor & Dutta, 1995; Wulf & Prinz, 2001).”
External focus of attention and autonomy support have additive benefits for motor performance in children (2017, background): “…Shea, & Wulf, 2003), novices performing relatively complex tasks presumably benefit more from a proximal focus (e.g., Wulf, McNevin, Fuchs, Ritter, & Toole, 2000; for a discussion of the distance effect, see; Wulf & Prinz, 2001; Wulf, 2013), such as the path of the ball in the present study.”
Attentional focus and motor learning: a review of 15 years (2013, background): “In our first attempts to provide an explanation for the differential effects of different foci, we referred to Prinz’s (1990, 1997) common-coding theory of perception and action (see Wulf et al., 1998; Wulf & Prinz, 2001).”
Focus of Attention and Verbal Instructions: Strategies of Elite Track and Field Coaches and Athletes (2010, background): “One area of motor learning research that has received a considerable amount of investigation in the past decade is how the focusing of a learner’s attention during practice influences motor performance and learning (for a review, see Wulf, 2007a; Wulf & Prinz, 2001).”
Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning (2003, background): “Wulf and colleagues (e.g., Wulf, McNevin, & Shea, 2001; Wulf & Prinz, 2001) suggested that the advantage of focusing attention on the movement effect might be that it allows unconscious or automatic processes to control the movements required to achieve this effect.”
Flexible Cognitive Strategies during Motor Learning (2011, background): “The type of motor task and nature of the instruction can have varying effects on motor execution and learning [1–3].”
The effects of attentional focusing strategies on novice dart throwing performance and Their task experiences (2007, background): “…due to IJSEP 5-3.indb 298 299 interference with movement execution in comparison to the control condition, providing support for the “constrained action hypothesis” (Wulf & Prinz, 2001) Specifically, focusing on the movements of a skill being executed resulted in interference in the automatic…”
Focus of Attention Affects Performance of Motor Skills in Music (2011, background): “…focus) rather than on movements themselves (internal focus) has been shown to result in more rapid skill acquisition and more accurate performance (Beilock, Carr, MacMahon, & Starkes, 2002; Shea & Wulf, 1999; Wulf, Höß, & Prinz, 1998; Wulf & Prinz, 2001; Wulf, Weigelt, Poulter, & McNevin, 2003).”