Prokaryotic toxin–antitoxin stress response loci

By Kenn Gerdes, S. Christensen, A. Løbner‐Olesen. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2005

1,065 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Ecology, Genetics, Molecular Medicine

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/93cb5905a2990687d3954f5a593535b44b2abd52

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Citations in the corpus

Ciprofloxacin Causes Persister Formation by Inducing the TisB toxin in Escherichia coli (2010, background): “80 TAs in the chromosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [55,56], for example, which is not known to harbor plasmids.”
Persister formation in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with ATP depletion (2016, positive): “In E. coli, isolated persisters express toxin/antitoxin (TA) modules 15 , most of which code for mRNA endonucleases called interferases 16 .”
Persisters: a distinct physiological state of E. coli (2006, background): “Indeed known toxins CcdB and ParE act by inhibiting DNA gyrases [11].”
Toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria and archaea. (2011, background): “Moreover, each TA complex releases toxin by stress-induced proteases under various stress conditions (39, 110).”
A Type VI Secretion System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Targets a Toxin to Bacteria (2010, background): “These can be important for plasmid maintenance, stress response, programmed cell death, cell-fate commitment, and defense against other bacteria (Aoki et al., 2005; Gerdes et al., 2005).”
Genomics of bacteria and archaea: the emerging dynamic view of the prokaryotic world (2008, background): “These systems possess properties of selfish elements: when the respective genes are lost from a cell, the cell typically dies either because the toxin is more stable than the antitoxin, and its activity is unleashed once the antitoxin degrades but cannot be replenished (227,228) or because of the di”
Bistability, epigenetics, and bet-hedging in bacteria. (2008, background): “Moreover, many stress responses are accompanied by a reduction in general transcriptional and/or translational efficiency (38).”
Multidrug tolerance of biofilms and persister cells. (2008, background): “In E. coli , there are at least ten toxinantitoxin (TA) modules, and more than 60 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Gerdes et al. 2005 ).”
Persister cells, dormancy and infectious disease (2007, background): “TA modules are also commonly found on bacterial chromosomes, but their role is largely unknow”