Regulation of adaptive immunity by the innate immune system

By A. Iwasaki, R. Medzhitov. Science, 2010

2,195 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Twenty years after the proposal that pattern recognition receptors detect invasion by microbial pathogens, the field of immunology has witnessed several discoveries that have elucidated receptors and signaling pathways of microbial recognition systems and how they control the generation of T and B lymphocyte–mediated immune responses. However, there are still many fundamental questions that remain poorly understood, even though sometimes the answers are assumed to be known. Here, we discuss some of these questions, including the mechanisms by which pathogen-specific innate immune recognition activates antigen-specific adaptive immune responses and the roles of different types of innate immune recognition in host defense from infection and injury.

Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/92677a82db32e4a1579de057cee11213ff1873c7

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Immunology

1. Zhijian J. Chen
2. Shizuo Akira
3. Taro Kawai
4. Rafi Ahmed
5. Bali Pulendran
6. Himanshu Kumar
7. Lijun Sun
8. Jiaxi Wu

In Molecular Biology

1. Zhijian J. Chen
2. Shizuo Akira
3. Taro Kawai
4. Lijun Sun
5. Jiaxi Wu
6. Himanshu Kumar
7. Rafi Ahmed
8. Danyang Li

Citations in the corpus

• Seasonality of Respiratory Viral Infections. (2020, background): “Multiple classes of innate immune sensors recognize virus-associated molecular patterns to initiate downstream antiviral signaling, including the production of type I and type III IFNs (97).”
• Cyclic GMP-AMP Containing Mixed Phosphodiester Linkages Is An Endogenous High Affinity Ligand for STING (2013, positive): “Innate immune sensing of microbial infections is mediated by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors that include membrane proteins such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic proteins such as NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2010; Ronald ”
• Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases (2021, background): “Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the earliest PRRs discovered in the innate immune system, which plays an important role in inflammatory responses.(14,15) Therefore, here is a brief description of the development history of PRRs with TLRs as a representative.”
• Impact of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome on Immunity. (2016, background): “The coordinated efforts of innate and adaptive immune systems allow for the targeted elimination of pathogens via proinflammatory mechanisms (24, 31).”
• Immunological Principles Guiding the Rational Design of Particles for Vaccine Delivery. (2017, neutral): “A critical role of the innate immune system is to scan foreign material and relay critical information to the adaptive immune system to modulate the strength and quality of protective immunity.(19,60,61) In general, this occurs through activation of PRRs.”
• Pathogen Recognition by the Innate Immune System (2011, background): “Adaptive immunity is mediated via the generation of pathogen (antigen)-specific B and T lymphocytes through a process of gene rearrangement [7, 8].”
• From Vaccines to Memory and Back (2010, positive): “…DC by triggering multiple innate receptors either directly via pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) or indirectly via danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) leading to enhanced antigen presentation, costimulation and production of polarizing cytokines (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2010).”
• Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. (2012, background): “This first line of defense may however be insufficient for pathogen clearance [98,99].”
• ROS Function in Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress (2014, background): “The innate immune system responds to microorganismderived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous cell-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) of tissue injury [76].”
• MAVS Forms Functional Prion-Like Aggregates To Activate and Propagate Antiviral Innate Immune Response (2011, background): “Innate immunity is an evolutionarily conserved defense mechanism against microbial infections (Iwasaki and Medzhitov, 2010; Ronald and Beutler, 2010; Takeuchi and Akira, 2010).”
• Immunological mechanisms of vaccination (2011, background): “The innate immune system can sense microbes through pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are expressed by various cells, including dendritic cells (DCs”