Lead firms and competition in 'bi-polar' commodity chains: grinders and branders in the global cocoa-chocolate industry

By N. Fold. 2002

207 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Strategy and Management

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8f9f1fb70139097451626b8cbc60c3e0901dd9c3

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Citations in the corpus

The Globalization of Organic Agro-Food Networks (2004, background): “Second, agro-food commodity networks are often characterized by important internal variations, with different types of enterprises dominating different segments or different regional strands within a given commodity chain (Fold, 2002; Ponte, 2002b; Talbot, 2002).”
Power in global value chains (2019, unknown): “This leads away from the unipolarity of governance, where power is concentrated in one functional position in the value chain, towards multipolarity, where power might appear in various functional positions (Fold, 2002; Ponte & Sturgeon, 2014).”
Global value chains, rising power firms and economic and social upgrading (2015, background): “Challenging the existing notion of a unipolar structure of governance, where one set of firms – buyers or producers – has dominant power to govern, newer studies feature the role of bipolar or multi-polar GVC governance, where more complicated patterns of power relations emerge between lead firms in”
Global resource grabs, agribusiness concentration and the smallholder: two West African case studies (2012, background): “Four corporations now dominate cocoa grinding: Cargill, Archer Daniel Midland (ADM), Barre Callebaut and Nestle (Losch 2002 , Fold 2002 ).”
Explaining governance in global value chains: A modular theory-building effort (2014, background): “Some scholars have explored the dynamics of governance in GVCs characterized as ‘bipolar’ or ‘twindriven’, where two sets of actors in different functional positions both drive the chain, albeit in different ways (Fold, 2002; Islam, 2009).”
Value chains, networks and clusters: reframing the global automotive industry (2008, background): “At this point, most serious research on global integration has been carried out by a diverse, interdisciplinary network of scholars, especially those engaged in direct observational research of a set of global, or globalizing industries, such as electronics, furniture, apparel, horticulture, motor v”
The 'Latte Revolution'? Regulation, Markets and Consumption in the Global Coffee Chain (2002, background): “…Barrett, Ilbery, Browne, and Binns (1999), Calvin and Barrios (2000), Dolan, Humphrey, and Harris-Pascal (1999), Dolan and Humphrey (2000) and Raynolds (1994) on fresh fruit and/or vegetables; Fitter and Kaplinsky (2001), Ponte (2002a) and Talbot (1997a,b) on coffee; and Fold (2001, 2002) on cocoa.”
Governing global value chains: an introduction (2008, background): “Based on his study of the cocoa chocolate chain, Fold (2002) proposed that a ‘bi-polar’ governance structure can emerge when different segments of the chain are controlled by distinct lead firms (cocoa trader/grinders and brand-name chocolate manufacturers).”
Global Capitalism and Commodity Chains: Looking Back, Going Forward (2005, background): “8 A sample of this literature which gives some indication of the range of industries studied include Bair and Gereffi (2002), Clancy (1998), Fitter and Kaplinsky (2001), Fold (2002), Gibbon (2001), O’Riain (2004), Ponte (2002), Rabach and Kim (1994), Rammohan and Sundaresan (2003) and Talbot (1997).”
A food regime genealogy (2009, unknown): “3 eg, Barndt ( 2008 ), Pritchard and Burch ( 2003 ), Fold ( 2002 ), and Fold and Pritchard ( 2005 ).”