A Transactional Perspective on Teaching and Learning: A Framework for Adult and Higher Education. Advances in Learning and Instruction Series.

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ASSESSING TEACHING PRESENCE IN A COMPUTER CONFERENCING CONTEXT (2019, methodology): “Our research is based on a model of critical thinking and practical inquiry developed by Garrison, Anderson and Archer [2].”
The Predictive Relationship Among the Community of Inquiry Framework, Perceived Learning and Online, and Graduate Students’ Course Grades in Online Synchronous and Asynchronous Courses (2016, background): “Likewise, Garrison and Archer (2000) support that “construction of meaning may result from individual critical reflection but ideas are generated and knowledge constructed through the collaborative and confirmatory process of sustained dialogue within a critical community of learners” (p. 91), thus…”
Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education (2001, methodology): “The model is based upon the work of John Dewey and, therefore, has a pragmatic focus to it (Garrison and Archer 2000)—that is, it considers education to be based on lived experiences, and learning in an educational context is to be applied to real-life situations.”