How Middle Schoolers Draw Engineers and Scientists

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Why Are Some STEM Fields More Gender Balanced Than Others? (2017, unknown): “Elementary and middle school students’ perceptions of engineers are that they build and fix things such as cars (Fralick, Kearn, Thompson, & Lyons, 2009; Karatas, Micklos, & Bodner, 2008; Knight & Cunningham, 2004).”
The Development of the STEM Career Interest Survey (STEM-CIS) (2014, background): “The trend continues in the secondary years with students describing engineers as males who work on cars, fix or build things, work on trains, repair electronics, or generally design (Capobianco et al. 2011; Fralick et al. 2009).”
Pedagogical Agent Signaling of Multiple Visual Engineering Representations: The Case of the Young Female Agent (2013, background): “Furthermore, students’ preconceived notions of the characteristics of engineers (Capobianco et al., 2011; Fralick et al., 2009; Karatas et al., 2010; Knight & Cunningham, 2004) may influence their perceptions of male or female APAs and ultimately impact learning about engineering with an APA.”