Unified nomenclature for the winged helix/forkhead transcription factors.

By Klaus H. Kaestner, W. Knöchel, D. Martinez. Genes & Development, 2000

1,201 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The winged helix/forkhead class of transcription factors is characterized by a 100-amino-acid, monomeric DNAbinding domain. The structure of the DNA-binding domain of one of the class members, hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 g (HNF3g), in a complex with a DNA target has been solved (Clark et al. 1993). The DNA-binding domain folds into a variant of the helix–turn–helix motif and is made up of three a helices and two characteristic large loops, or “wings.” Therefore, the DNA-binding motif has been named the winged helix DNA-binding domain. Over the past 9 years since the identification of the first member of this class, the Drosophila melanogaster gene Fork head, >100 members of this gene family have been identified (for review, see Kaufmann and Knöchel 1996) in species ranging from yeast to human. The rapid accumulation of sequences by many different laboratories has led to the use of multiple names and classification systems, making it very difficult to follow the literature and to name newly characterized winged helix/ forkhead transcription factors. This problem was recognized and discussed at the first International Meeting on Forkhead/Winged Helix Proteins, held in La Jolla, California, in November 1998. At that time a proposal was developed to standardize the nomenclature for these proteins. Fox (Forkhead box) was adopted as the unified symbol for all chordate winged helix/forkhead transcription factors. A winged helix/forkhead nomenclature committee was elected to implement this proposal, in consultation with the community at large. This final proposal has been endorsed by >20 scientists as well as the Human and Mouse Gene Nomenclature Committees.

Subfields: Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/87946c3e1788ef53d4b583d89da7bea3b90049bf

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Citations in the corpus

• An integrated view of oxidative stress in aging: basic mechanisms, functional effects, and pathological considerations. (2007, background): “Forkhead transcription factors encompass a large family of proteins characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain termed “Forkhead box” (118).”
• Genetic analysis of host resistance: Toll-like receptor signaling and immunity at large. (2006, background): “members of this family is the FKH domain (Figure 1), which has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for DNA binding (53, 54).”
• Mutations in FOXC2 (MFH-1), a forkhead family transcription factor, are responsible for the hereditary lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome. (2000, background): “Since the FOXL1 gene maps between the two, it could also be inactivated and have phenotypic effects in this patient.”
• Forkhead Box M1 Regulates the Transcriptional Network of Genes Essential for Mitotic Progression and Genes Encoding the SCF (Skp2-Cks1) Ubiquitin Ligase (2005, background): “The mammalian Forkhead box (Fox) family of transcription factors consists of more than 50 mammalian proteins (9, 26) that share homology in the winged helix DNA binding domain (12, 43).”
• Forkhead transcription factors: key players in development and metabolism. (2002, background): “In 2000, the nomenclature of chordate forkhead transcription factors was revised (Kaestner et al., 2000).”
• SIRTUIN 1 AND SIRTUIN 3: PHYSIOLOGICAL MODULATORS OF METABOLISM (2012, background): “SIRT1 has been shown to regulate hepatic glucose metabolism (FIGURE 6) by interacting with the FOXO family of transcription factors (166, 177).”
• Cell Cycle Inhibition by FoxO Forkhead Transcription Factors Involves Downregulation of Cyclin D (2002, background): “The FoxO subfamily of forkhead transcription factors comprises three functionally related proteins, AFX, FKHR, and FKHRL1, which have recently been renamed FoxO4 (AFX), FoxO1a (FKHR), and FoxO3a (FKHRL1), respectively (21).”
• The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 (Fkhr) confers insulin sensitivity onto glucose-6-phosphatase expression. (2001, background): “The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 (previously known as Fkhr) (38) is phosphorylated in an insulin-responsive manner by PIP3-dependent kinases, such as Akt and Sgk (39–50).”
• Redox regulation of FoxO transcription factors (2015, background): “ized into different classes of forkhead box (Fox) proteins [3].”
• FoxO transcription factors; Regulation by AKT and 14-3-3 proteins. (2011, neutral): “see [3]).”