Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind?

By D. Premack, G. Woodruff. 1978

Subfields: Cognitive Science & Psychology

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Neural Theory-of-Mind? On the Limits of Social Intelligence in Large LMs (2022, background): “For humans, Theory of Mind is a crucial component that enables us to interact and communicate effectively with each other (Premack and Woodruff, 1978; Apperly, 2010).”
Continuous Coordination As a Realistic Scenario for Lifelong Learning (2021, background): “Thus, Hanabi is a challenging game that requires the agent to possess the theory of mind (Premack & Woodruff, 1978; Rabinowitz et al., 2018) in order to co-operate effectively.”
The Hanabi Challenge: A New Frontier for AI Research (2019, background): “While these issues make inferring the behaviour of others a daunting challenge for AI practitioners, humans routinely make such inferences in their social interactions using theory of mind [1,2]: reasoning about others as agents with their own mental states – such as perspectives, beliefs, and inten”
Machine Theory of Mind (2018, background): “Fourth, a Theory of Mind is important for social beings as it informs our social decision-making.”
Asynchronous Temporal Fields for Action Recognition (2016, background): “This ability to understand people in terms of beliefs and intents has been traditionally studied in psychology as the Theory of mind [33].”
Development of social cognition in infant chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): face recognition, smiling, gaze, and the lack of triadic interactions (2004, background): “When Premack and Woodruff (1978) proposed the concept of “theory of mind,” that is, the ability to infer another conspecific’s mental state, they did so based on empiric study conducted with chimpanzee subjects.”
Designing Creative AI Partners with COFI: A Framework for Modeling Interaction in Human-AI Co-Creative Systems (2022, background): “It has been demonstrated that humans, during an interaction, can reason about others’ ideas, goals, intentions and predict partners’ behaviors, a capability called Theory of Mind (ToM) [10, 127, 163].”
A Developmental Perspective for Promoting Theory of Mind (2014, background): “The concept of theory of mind emerged in the 1970s when Premack and Woodruff (1978) defined ToM as the ability to impute mental states to oneself and others.”
Learning to Communicate Implicitly by Actions (2018, background): “This ability is known as theory of mind (Premack and Woodruff 1978).”
Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. (2003, background): “In his commentary on Premack and Woodruff’s paper, Dennett (1978) proposed a stringent test for the presence of theory of mind, the prediction of another person’s behaviour on the basis of this person’s false belief. A true belief would not do, as in this case it would be impossible to decide unequi”
Neural basis of reinforcement learning and decision making. (2012, background): “The ability to predict the beliefs and intentions of other players is often referred to as the theory of mind (Premack & Woodruff 1978), and during social decision making, this may dramatically improve the efficiency of reinforcement learning.”
Language and theory of mind: What are the developmental relationships? (2000, background): “The term Theory of Mind encompasses a wide range of phenomena, the culmination of which is generally considered to be the understanding of others’ false beliefs (Premack & Woodruff, 1978).”
Social Cognition and Interpersonal Impairments in Trauma Survivors with PTSD (2009, background): “The term “theory of mind” was originally proposed by two primatologists to suggest that chimpanzees may be capable of inferring the mental states of their conspecifics ( Premack & Woodruff, 1978 ).”
What are the Links Between Theory of Mind and Social Relations? Review, Reflections and New Directions for Studies of Typical and Atypical Development (2004, background): “Originally, the term ‘theory of mind’ was coined to refer to the ability to impute mental states to the self and to others (Premack & Woodruff, 1978).”