Does Television Exposure Affect Emerging Adults' Attitudes and Assumptions About Sexual Relationships? Correlational and Experimental Confirmation

By L. Monique Ward. 2002

435 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Gender Studies, Literature and Literary Theory

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7a06df1ea4dc7278082ed1dc3206869111435725

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Citations in the corpus

Women's Intentions Regarding, and Acceptance of, Self-Sexualizing Behavior (2009, background): “Greater exposure to mainstream media among young women has been connected to greater acceptance of sexually objectifying notions of women (Ward, 2002; Zurbriggen & Morgan, 2006).”
Pleasure Reading: Associations Between Young Women's Sexual Attitudes and their Reading of Contemporary Women's Magazines (2004, background): “In addition, frequent exposure to sexually oriented genres, such as music videos, has been linked with stronger endorsement of notions that women are sexual objects, that men are sex-driven creatures, and that dating is a game or competition (Ward, 2002; Ward, Hansbrough, & Walker, in press).”
Contributions of Music Video Exposure to Black Adolescents’ Gender and Sexual Schemas (2005, background): “For example, Ward (2002) reported that frequent music video exposure predicted stronger acceptance of women as sexual objects among undergraduate women and predicted more traditional gender role attitudes and stronger sup- port of dating as a game among undergraduate men.”
Breasts Are for Men: Media, Masculinity Ideologies, and Men’s Beliefs About Women’s Bodies (2006, methodology): “Additionally, participants completed a comprehensive measure of Attitudes about Dating and Sexual Relationships that was an extension of a measure used in previous research (Ward, 2002; Ward & Rivadeneyra, 1999).”
“Putting on” Sexiness: A Content Analysis of the Presence of Sexualizing Characteristics in Girls’ Clothing (2011, background): “Accordingly, exposure to sexually-objectifying media has been linked with self-objectification, body surveillance, body shame, and anxiety over appearance (e.g., Grabe et al. 2008; Monro and Huon 2005), as well as with an acceptance of the normative belief that women are sexual objects (Peter and Va”
Sexual Objectification in Music Videos: A Content Analysis Comparing Gender and Genre (2011, background): “In addition, correlational studies showed that music videos predicted permissive sexual attitudes (Strouse & Buerkel-Rothfuss, 1987) and a stronger acceptance of women as sexual objects (Ward, 2002).”
Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles: Young People’s Perceptions Mirror Sexist Media Depictions (2007, background): “For example, frequent TV viewers show dysfunctional beliefs about relationships and greater acceptance of sexual harassment (Ward 2002).”
Performing Gender: A Content Analysis of Gender Display in Music Videos (2011, background): “…in the media, including music videos, can have negative consequences for the mental, emotional, and sexual health of youth, especially adolescent girls and young women (American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls 2007; Bordo 1993; Pardun et al. 2005; Ward 2002).”
The harms of pornography exposure among children and young people (2009, background): “…or objectifying content are more accepting of rape myths, violence-supportive and adversarial beliefs (Kalof, 1999; Lanis and Covell, 1995; Milburn et al., 2000; Ward, 2002), while correlational studies among adolescents also show such associations (Cowan and Campbell, 1995; Kaestle et al., 2007).”
Toward a Theory of Entertainment Persuasion: Explaining the Persuasive Effects of Entertainment‐Education Messages (2008, background): “…media have been criticized for portraying unrealistic depictions of health-risk behaviors as being normative and the potential influence this may have on young viewers’ perceived norms (Ward, 2002), a program depicting a character who does not engage in risky behavior, may have the reverse effect.”
Older and Newer Media: Patterns of Use and Effects on Adolescents' Health and Well-Being. (2011, background): “television and movies, and toward interactive video and computer games as important sources of violent content. First, a user’s involvement with video games is vastly different from his or her engagement with older media. As Carnagey, Anderson, and Bartholow (2008) explained:”
Depictions of Gender on Primetime Television: A Quantitative Content Analysis (2017, background): “, 2002) and tolerance of sexual harassment (Ward, 2002), continuing to explore the content of media images of gender and their potential for enabling the learning of problematic gender role norms is significant.”
Who Wants to Marry a Millionaire? Reality Dating Television Programs, Attitudes Toward Sex, and Sexual Behaviors (2006, methodology): “Because ethnic and gender differences have been found in previous studies (e.g., Ward, 2002), our second research goal was to explore associations between these two demographic variables and RDP viewing and involvement, attitudes toward sex, and sexual behaviors.”
Pornography and Sexist Attitudes Among Heterosexuals (2013, background): “Overall, the study findings of sexual arousal mediation are consistent with the core presumptions by the media literature on affective engagement (Clore & Schnall, 2005; Ward, 2002) and priming effects (Hansen & Krygowski, 1994; Roskos-Ewoldson et al.”
Content Analysis of Gender Roles in Media: Where Are We Now and Where Should We Go? (2011, background): “2010a, 2011) and the information they provide represent a long stride forward in our understanding of the manner in which women are currently depicted in media (see Table 1 for a list of these papers). The studies cover a broad range of content and look at a variety of issues under the general theme”
Sex on the Shore: Wishful Identification and Parasocial Relationships as Mediators in the Relationship Between Jersey Shore Exposure and Emerging Adults' Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors (2014, background): “In line with social cognitive theory, scholars argue that adolescents’ permissive sexual attitudes can lead to their engagement in sexual behaviors (Ward, 2002).”