Breasts Are for Men: Media, Masculinity Ideologies, and Men’s Beliefs About Women’s Bodies

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Breast is Best…But Not Everywhere: Ambivalent Sexism and Attitudes Toward Private and Public Breastfeeding (2009, background): “For instance, Ward et al. (2006) found that men who were higher in masculine ideology (of which hostile sexism is a central component) viewed childbirth and breastfeeding negatively.”
Measuring the Meaning of Black Media Stereotypes and Their Relationship to the Racial Identity, Black History Knowledge, and Racial Socialization of African American Youth (2014, background): “There are also studies with youth that ask participants how they relate to specific characters and/or whether they prefer mainstream TV shows or Black-oriented TV shows (Gordon, 2008; Ward, 2004; Ward et al., 2006; Ward et al., 2005).”
Mass Media Effects on Youth Sexual Behavior Assessing the Claim for Causality (2011, background): “The latter motivation is expected to enhance effects, a supposition supported by several studies (Aubrey et al., 2003; Kim & Ward, 2004; Ward, 2002; Ward et al., 2006).”
Sexual Self-Esteem in American and British College Women: Relations with Self-Objectification and Eating Problems (2009, background): “women as sexual subjects) (e.g., Busby and Leichty 1993; Krassas et al. 2003; Linder 2004; Reichert and Carpernter 2004; Ward et al. 2006; Ussher 1989).”