The changing landscape of English: implications for language assessment

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Accent, listening assessment and the potential for a shared-L1 advantage: A DIF perspective (2012, background): “Prominent among these concerns is the potential for test bias if listeners who share a speaker’s first language (L1) are advantaged over others when listening to that speaker (Major et al., 2002; Taylor, 2006).”
An investigation into native and non-native teachers' judgments of oral English performance: A mixed methods approach (2009, background): “The normative system of native speakers has long been assumed in English proficiency tests (Taylor, 2006), and it is therefore unsurprising that large-scale, high-stakes tests such as the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the International English Language Testing System (IELTS)…”
From One to Multiple Accents on a Test of L2 Listening Comprehension (2016, background): “…in which the test taker will be using the language outside of the test itself,” (Bachman and Palmer, 1996, p. 18) and sampling from a large number of accents could be unfair because those unfamiliar with the accent selected for any given test form may be disadvantaged (Field 2004; Taylor 2006).”