Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: New concepts are needed to study research participation effects

By J. Mccambridge, J. Witton, Diana Elbourne. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2014

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Objectives This study aims to (1) elucidate whether the Hawthorne effect exists, (2) explore under what conditions, and (3) estimate the size of any such effect. Study Design and Setting This systematic review summarizes and evaluates the strength of available evidence on the Hawthorne effect. An inclusive definition of any form of research artifact on behavior using this label, and without cointerventions, was adopted. Results Nineteen purposively designed studies were included, providing quantitative data on the size of the effect in eight randomized controlled trials, five quasiexperimental studies, and six observational evaluations of reporting on one's behavior by answering questions or being directly observed and being aware of being studied. Although all but one study was undertaken within health sciences, study methods, contexts, and findings were highly heterogeneous. Most studies reported some evidence of an effect, although significant biases are judged likely because of the complexity of the evaluation object. Conclusion Consequences of research participation for behaviors being investigated do exist, although little can be securely known about the conditions under which they operate, their mechanisms of effects, or their magnitudes. New concepts are needed to guide empirical studies.

Subfields: Applied Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/71de4b67564db598d0dd114f82494f6cbd01e1b7

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In Applied Psychology

In Developmental and Educational Psychology

In Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management

Nikos Ntoumanis

Citations in the corpus

Need-Supportive Professional Development in Elementary School Physical Education: Effects of a Cluster-Randomized Control Trial on Teachers’ Motivating Style and Student Physical Activity (2018, methodology): “Also, to prevent a 10 potential Hawthorne effect (McCambridge et al., 2014), teachers in the control condition were 11 also provided with TPD. Similar to past TPD programs in which teachers had access to 12 learning and teaching resources and PE lesson plans (e.g., Morris et al., 2013), in the…”