1 Sex , Syntax , and Semantics

By Christopher, C. Daniel, D. Paul, P. Brandon, B. Eric, Erica Karl, Karla Claude, C. Phillip, P. Harry, Harriet. 2000

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

Citations in the corpus

The Gendering of Language: A Comparison of Gender Equality in Countries with Gendered, Natural Gender, and Genderless Languages (2012, background): “Given recent research tying gender in language to gendered perceptions of the world (e.g., Boroditsky et al. 2003), one could infer that when language constantly calls attention to gender distinctions by discriminating between masculine and feminine nouns and pronouns—as is the case in gendered…”
Being What You Say: The Effect of Essentialist Linguistic Labels on Preferences (2004, background): “Although Whorf’s (1956) radical original claim that language determines thought is no longer accepted (Bloom & Keil, 2001), research continues to suggest that the grammatical form of language can influence cognition, including spatial cognition (e.g., Levinson, 1996), temporal cognition (Boroditsky,”
Cognitive representation of colour in bilinguals: The case of Greek blues* (2009, background): “This led the researchers to claim that “the worldview of bilinguals, whatever their first language, comes to resemble, to some degree, that of monolingual speakers of their second” (Caskey-Sirmons and Hickerson 1977, p. 365). A study by Zollinger (1988) showed that Japanese children living in German”
On the Relationships Between the Grammatical Genders of Inanimate Nouns and Their Co-Occurring Adjectives and Verbs (2020, background): “, 1994)—for example, and most famously, when choosing adjectives to describe inanimate nouns (Boroditsky et al., 2003).”
Grammatical gender associations outweigh topical gender bias in crosslinguistic word embeddings (2020, background): “Recently, Boroditsky has presented evidence for cognitive associations between grammatical gender (masculinefeminine) and natural gender (male-female) in object representation for German and Spanish speakers (Boroditsky et al., 2003; Phillips and Boroditsky, 2003; but see Mickan et al., 2014).”
The Innate Mind: Structure and Contents (2005, background): “…of two-year-old children: adults have years of practice sharing spatial concepts with each other through language, and a large body of data in various domains suggests that habitual patterns of language use have cognitive consequences for nonlinguistic tasks (e.g., Boroditsky & Schmidt, 2000).”
The Psychological Meaning of Words: LIWC and Computerized Text Analysis Methods (2010, unknown): “Indeed, some of the most striking cultural differences in language—such as markers of politeness, for-mality, and social closeness—are inherent in function words rather than content words (Boroditsky, Schmidt, & Phillips, 2003).”
Do Llamas Work in English? On the Latent Language of Multilingual Transformers (2024, background): “…could bias LLMs toward Anglocentric patterns that could predispose the model to certain linguistic elements (lexicon, grammar, metaphors, etc.), while also shaping more profound behaviors related to, e.g., emotional stance (Boroditsky et al., 2003) or temporal reasoning (Núñez and Sweetser, 2006).”
The Cambridge Companion to Vygotsky (2007, background): “…genders in their native languages, for instance, the word “key,” which is masculine in German and feminine in Spanish, she found, “German speakers described keys as hard, heavy, jagged, metal, while Spanish speakers said they were golden, intricate, and lovely” (Boroditsky et al., 2003, p. 70).”
Do bilinguals have different concepts? The case of shape and material in Japanese L2 users of English (2006, background): “The research of Boroditsky et al. (2003) seems to show effects of grammaticalized concepts on speakers’ memories, mental imagery and word associations.”
Learning from others: children's construction of concepts. (2009, background): “For example, Boroditsky et al. (2003) found that speakers of a language with grammatical gender (e.g., German, Spanish) implicitly group together same-gendered instances, as assessed by memory tasks, object descriptions, and picture similarity ratings.”
Language‐dependent memory in bilingual learning (2006, background): “Studies in linguistic relativity suggest that language influences how speakers and listeners represent the world (e.g., Boroditsky et al., 2002; 2003; Lucy, 1992; Pederson et al., 1998).”
The myth of language universals: language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. (2009, background): “Morphology Psycholinguists have exploited structural differences between languages to explore, for example, the cognitive effects of gender systems (Boroditsky et al. 2003) or the effects on processing (Vigliocco et al. 2005).”