Equilibrium Theory Revisited: Mutual Gaze and Personal Space in Virtual Environments

By Jeremy N. Bailenson, Christopher Rex, Andrew C. Beall, Jack M. Loomis. Presence - Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 2001

557 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Social Psychology, Human-Computer Interaction

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6f6c8098453655cb7ed5ce4e90d64bef8ecaef93

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Citations in the corpus

Virtual Humans and Persuasion: The Effects of Agency and Behavioral Realism (2007, methodology): “The IVE technology used is described in detail in Bailenson et al. (2001) and is illustrated in Figure 2.”
The Independent and Interactive Effects of Embodied-Agent Appearance and Behavior on Self-Report, Cognitive, and Behavioral Markers of Copresence in Immersive Virtual Environments (2005, background): “ Bailenson et al. (2001) , for example, found that making an embodied agent more realistic looking by adding a texture map from an actual photograph of a face did not increase copresence compared with an embodied agent that was more cartoonlike, as long as both types of embodied agents demonstrated ”
Effects of Dynamic Attributes of Smiles in Human and Synthetic Faces: A Simulated Job Interview Setting (2009, background): “Although previous research has investigated general evaluations of animated figures such as embodied interface agents (Blens et al. 2003; Koda and Maes 1996; Wiberg and Wiberg 2001; see Dehn and van Mulken 2000, for a review), the effects of specific nonverbal behaviors when exhibited by virtual cha”
Social anxiety predicts avoidance behaviour in virtual encounters (2010, background): “…Hall, Coats, & LeBeau, 2005), by how anxiety-arousing the interaction situation is (Brady & Walker, 1978), by the interaction partner’s social behaviour (Bailenson et al., 2001), and by racial prejudices against the interaction partner (Dotsch & Wigboldus, 2008), to mention just a few examples.”
A Storytelling Robot: Modeling and Evaluation of Human-like Gaze Behavior (2006, background): “Bailenson et al. showed that these differences appeared in people’s interactions with virtual agents [ 33 ].”
The impact of avatar realism and eye gaze control on perceived quality of communication in a shared immersive virtual environment (2003, background): “[6] studied the impact of gaze realism on an objective social response, proxemic behavior.”
A Systematic Review of Social Presence: Definition, Antecedents, and Implications (2018, background): “…an increase in social presence when the visual representation is more photographically or anthropomorphically realistic (e.g., Kang and Watt, 2013), others report no diﬀerences (e.g., Bailenson et al., 2001; Bente et al., 2008) or even a reduction in social presence (e.g., Nowak and Biocca, 2003).”
From Proxemics Theory to Socially-Aware Navigation: A Survey (2014, background): “It seems that this theory is maintained even in virtual environments [7,8].”
Nonverbal overload: A theoretical argument for the causes of Zoom fatigue. (2021, background): “…eye gaze and interpersonal distance (Argyle & Dean, 1965), and my own work has replicated these findings with virtual faces, in that people will give more interpersonal distance when approaching virtual humans who are maintaining virtual gaze compared to ones who do not (Bailenson et al., 2001).”