Do people really believe they are above average

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Financial literacy and financial behavior (2015, unknown): “Survey responses are “vulnerable to social desirability,” meaning that if financial behaviors are viewed as having “a normative valence” then respondents are apt to overstate “good” financial behaviors and understate ‘bad’ financial behaviors (Willis, 2008).”
A wonderful life: experiential consumption and the pursuit of happiness (2015, background): “People tend to think of their prized assets as more a reflection of who they are than their warts, foibles, and shortcomings (Dunning, Meyerowitz, & Holzberg, 1989; Williams & Gilovich, 2008).”
Self-enhancement and self-protection: What they are and what they do (2009, background): “Indeed, people do truly believe they are above average (Williams & Gilovich, 2008).”
On the panculturality of self-enhancement and self-protection motivation: the case for the universality of self-esteem (2015, background): “People truly believe in their better-than-average judgments, betting money on them (Williams & Gilovich, 2008).”
When overconfidence is revealed to others: Testing the status-enhancement theory of overconfidence (2013, background): “Such overconfidence persists even when the stakes are high and individuals have incentives to estimate their relative abilities accurately (Ehrlinger, Johnson, Banner, Dunning, & Kruger, 2008; Hoelzl & Rustichini, 2005; Williams & Gilovich, 2008).”