Influence of freezing rate on pore structure in freeze-dried collagen-GAG scaffolds.

By F. O'Brien, B. Harley, I. Yannas, L. Gibson. Biomaterials, 2004

736 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The cellular structure of collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) scaffolds used in tissue engineering must be designed to meet a number of constraints with respect to biocompatibility, degradability, pore size, pore structure, and specific surface area. The conventional freeze-drying process for fabricating CG scaffolds creates variable cooling rates throughout the scaffold during freezing, producing a heterogeneous matrix pore structure with a large variation in average pore diameter at different locations throughout the scaffold. In this study, the scaffold synthesis process was modified to produce more homogeneous freezing by controlling of the rate of freezing during fabrication and obtaining more uniform contact between the pan containing the CG suspension and the freezing shelf through the use of smaller, less warped pans. The modified fabrication technique has allowed production of CG scaffolds with a more homogeneous structure characterized by less variation in mean pore size throughout the scaffold (mean: 95.9 microm, CV: 0.128) compared to the original scaffold (mean: 132.4 microm, CV: 0.185). The pores produced using the new technique appear to be more equiaxed, compared with those in scaffolds produced using the original technique.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6617fb730b981a6da5e7884bc69a63ecdc77679b

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In Biomaterials

1. F. O'Brien
2. C. Murphy
3. Julian R. Jones
4. D. Wahl
5. J. Czernuszka
6. Qiu Li Loh
7. Cleo Choong

In Biomedical Engineering

1. D. Wahl
2. F. O'Brien
3. C. Murphy
4. Julian R. Jones
5. J. Czernuszka
6. Qiu Li Loh
7. Cleo Choong

Citations in the corpus

• Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids. (2013, background): “Low-density scaffolds can be produced by freeze-drying [239], but collagen is not suitable for hybrid synthesis.”
• Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Role of Porosity and Pore Size (2013, neutral): “50 The advantages of this process are the elimination of several rinsing steps since dispersed water and polymer solvents can be removed directly.”
• Collagen-hydroxyapatite composites for hard tissue repair. (2006, background): “, 1993)] and it is therefore highly crosslinked or found in composites, such as collagen-glycoaminoglycans for skin regeneration (O’Brien et al., 2004), or collagenhydroxyapatite for bone remodelling (Kikuchi et al.”
• The effect of mean pore size on cell attachment, proliferation and migration in collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. (2010, methodology): “A recent study has demonstrated that by modifying this lyophilisation process, it is possible to control the scaffold pore architecture and using the refined lyophilisation process, CG scaffolds with mean pore sizes ranging from 96 to 151 mm [25,26] were produced.”