Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on Carbohydrate Metabolism

By K. Hanhineva, R. Törrönen, I. Bondia-Pons, Jenna Pekkinen, M. Kolehmainen, H. Mykkänen, K. Poutanen. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2010

1,145 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Polyphenols, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, proanthocyanidins and resveratrol, are a large and heterogeneous group of phytochemicals in plant-based foods, such as tea, coffee, wine, cocoa, cereal grains, soy, fruits and berries. Growing evidence indicates that various dietary polyphenols may influence carbohydrate metabolism at many levels. In animal models and a limited number of human studies carried out so far, polyphenols and foods or beverages rich in polyphenols have attenuated postprandial glycemic responses and fasting hyperglycemia, and improved acute insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. The possible mechanisms include inhibition of carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption in the intestine, stimulation of insulin secretion from the pancreatic β–cells, modulation of glucose release from the liver, activation of insulin receptors and glucose uptake in the insulin-sensitive tissues, and modulation of intracellular signalling pathways and gene expression. The positive effects of polyphenols on glucose homeostasis observed in a large number of in vitro and animal models are supported by epidemiological evidence on polyphenol-rich diets. To confirm the implications of polyphenol consumption for prevention of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and eventually type 2 diabetes, human trials with well-defined diets, controlled study designs and clinically relevant end-points together with holistic approaches e.g., systems biology profiling technologies are needed.

Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/61c4d45798f2189cc8d3df723f8fb807a1ab5b76

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Citations in the corpus

Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health. (2013, neutral): “chronic diseases [42–48].”
An Overview of Plant Phenolic Compounds and Their Importance in Human Nutrition and Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2016, background): “This review focuses on the present understanding of the potential efficacy of polyphenols on carbohydrate metabolism and glucose homeostasis, which has been commendably studied in vitro, some clinical experiments and animal models [15].”
Flavonoids and Their Anti-Diabetic Effects: Cellular Mechanisms and Effects to Improve Blood Sugar Levels (2019, background): “GLUT 2 is responsible to transport glucose from the circulation to pancreatic β cells where it gets oxidized and leads to the secretion of insulin [11].”
Phenolic acids: Natural versatile molecules with promising therapeutic applications (2019, background): “Among all the properties shown by phenolic acids, the best is the inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase (two key enzymes) accountable for the conversion of dietary carbohydrates into glucose [142].”
Natural polyphenols: An overview (2017, background): “tion and digestion of starch, and third, the reduction of glucose release from the liver and finally the enhancement of glucose endorsement in muscles and other peripheral tissues.([89]) Malfunctioning and decrease in number of β-cells are the indictors of diabetes before its occurrence.”
Several lines of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress: antioxidant enzymes, nanomaterials with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants (2024, background): “They play important roles in the absorption, digestion, and metabolism of carbohydrates (Hanhineva et al. 2010).”