Context generalization in Drosophila visual learning requires the mushroom bodies

By Li Liu, R. Wolf, R. Ernst, Martin Heisenberg. 1999

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Mushroom body output neurons encode valence and guide memory-based action selection in Drosophila (2014, background): “The MB has been proposed to play diverse roles in visual behaviors including context generalization and sensory preconditioning between olfactory and visual cues (Liu et al., 1999; Zhang et al., 2013, 2007; Brembs, 2009; van Swinderen et al., 2009).”
The neuronal architecture of the mushroom body provides a logic for associative learning (2014, background): “In Drosophila melanogaster, a number of different forms of learning have been observed in response to sensory stimuli (Siegel and Hall, 1979; Liu et al., 1999, 2006; Masek and Scott, 2010; Schnaitmann et al., 2010; Ofstad et al., 2011; Vogt et al., 2014).”
Neuronal assemblies of the Drosophila mushroom body (2008, background): “…odor perception, and experience-dependent nonassociative osmotactic responses (Martin et al., 1998; Mizunami et al., 1998a; Li and Strausfeld, 1999; Liu et al., 1999; McBride et al., 1999; Joiner and Griffith, 1999; Tang and Guo, 2001; Perez-Orive et al., 2002; Siwicki and Ladewski, 2003; Besson…”
Sequential use of mushroom body neuron subsets during drosophila odor memory processing. (2007, unknown): “In addition to being critical for olfactory memory (Heisenberg et al., 1985; de Belle and Heisenberg, 1994), the MBs have also been implicated in other complex adaptive behaviors, including visual context generalization ( Liu et al., 1999 ) and choice behavior (Tang and Guo, 2001), courtship conditi”
Shared Visual Attention and Memory Systems in the Drosophila Brain (2009, unknown): “more recent studies have shown the MB to be required for contextual learning”
Flies, genes, and learning. (2001, methodology): “…GDL April 6, 2001 14:5 Annual Reviews AR121-41 1296 WADDELL ¥ QUINN learning was later confirmed by direct studies with mutants (Skoulakis et al 1993, Li et al 1996, Goodwin et al 1997). dCREB2 Similar experiments with theDrosophilagene for the cAMP-responseelement-binding protein (CREB) (Yin et…”
Parallel Pathways for Cross-Modal Memory Retrieval in Drosophila (2013, methodology): “In addition, the MBs were reported to play complicated roles in visual tasks, including contextual generalization (Liu et al., 1999; Brembs and Wiener, 2006), attention (Xi et al.”
Mushroom body memoir: from maps to models (2003, background): “Interestingly, the mushroom bodies contribute to the stability of visual memory trace”
A map of olfactory representation in the Drosophila mushroom body. (2007, unknown): “, 1999), and context-dependent visual cues (Liu et al., 1999; Tang and Guo, 2001).”
Are mushroom bodies cerebellum-like structures? (2011, background): “…2007b), gustatory associative learning (Masek and Scott, 2010), courtship learning and memory (McBride et al., 1999), context-dependent learning (Liu et al., 1999; Brembs and Weiner, 2006), experience-based feature extraction (Peng et al., 2007), salience-based choice behavior (Tang and Guo,…”
Mushroom bodies regulate habit formation in Drosophila. (2008, unknown): “A commonly used experimental procedure to induce sensorimotor learning in other animals is overtraining [3, 4, 8].”
Shared mushroom body circuits underlie visual and olfactory memories in Drosophila (2014, unknown): “Shock before test is dispensable at high temperature, however, requirement of MBs remains.”
Synergy between visual and olfactory cues in nectar feeding by naı̈ve hawkmoths, Manduca sexta (2002, unknown): “However, crossmodality neural integration remains poorly understood in any model system (Gerber & Smith 1998; Liu et al. 1999), and animal pollinators are too behaviourally versatile and phylogenetically diverse to bear generalization.”
Are bigger brains better? (2009, background): “cockroaches [119], fruit flies [91], honeybees [7].”