What Do We Assess when We Assess a Big 5 Trait? A Content Analysis of the Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Processes Represented in Big 5 Personality Inventories

By L. Zillig, S. Hemenover, R. Dienstbier. 2002

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Other-rated personality and academic performance: Evidence and implications (2014, background): “These points can be taken to imply that self-ratings should be more accurate, but self-raters may in fact be misled by their access to thoughts and feelings, over-emphasizing these when rating personality scales that are behavioral in nature, such as Conscientiousness (Pytlik Zillig et al., 2002).”
Openness to experience and awe in response to nature and music: Personality and profound aesthetic experiences. (2015, background): “Unlike some of its five factor fellows, openness to experience is not generally represented as an emotional trait, according to content analyses (Pytlik Zillig et al., 2002).”
Virtuous states and virtuous traits: How the empirical evidence regarding the existence of broad traits saves virtue ethics from the situationist critique (2014, background): “State content, like trait content, is primarily behavioral, but it also includes some cognitive and affective content (Zillig et al., 2002).”
An other perspective on personality: meta-analytic integration of observers' accuracy and predictive validity. (2010, background): “Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience have the opposite orientation, predominantly describing tendencies in internal thoughts (Openness) and affective states (Emotional Stability) that are aspects of personality low in visibility (Zillig et al., 2002).”