High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals dysbiosis and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in inflammatory bowel disease

By A. Walker, J. Sanderson, C. Churcher, G. Parkes, B. Hudspith, N. Rayment, J. Brostoff, Julian Parkhill, Gordon Dougan, L. Petrovska. BMC Microbiology, 2011

693 citations recorded by the source corpus.

BackgroundThe gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in the development of the inflammatory bowel diseases Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Shifts in the composition of resident bacteria have been postulated to drive the chronic inflammation seen in both diseases (the "dysbiosis" hypothesis). We therefore specifically sought to compare the mucosa-associated microbiota from both inflamed and non-inflamed sites of the colon in CD and UC patients to that from non-IBD controls and to detect disease-specific profiles.ResultsPaired mucosal biopsies of inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal tissue from 6 CD (n = 12) and 6 UC (n = 12) patients were compared to biopsies from 5 healthy controls (n = 5) by in-depth sequencing of over 10,000 near full-length bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results indicate that mucosal microbial diversity is reduced in IBD, particularly in CD, and that the species composition is disturbed. Firmicutes were reduced in IBD samples and there were concurrent increases in Bacteroidetes, and in CD only, Enterobacteriaceae. There were also significant differences in microbial community structure between inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal sites. However, these differences varied greatly between individuals, meaning there was no obvious bacterial signature that was positively associated with the inflamed gut.ConclusionsThese results may support the hypothesis that the overall dysbiosis observed in inflammatory bowel disease patients relative to non-IBD controls might to some extent be a result of the disturbed gut environment rather than the direct cause of disease. Nonetheless, the observed shifts in microbiota composition may be important factors in disease maintenance and severity.

Subfields: Genetics, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/586d379097a39e741fa1d2ba5e6535d83530f538

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In Genetics

1. W. D. de Vos
2. S. Grenham
3. T. Kanai
4. Ted G. Dinan
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6. K. Matsuoka
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In Infectious Diseases

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In Molecular Biology

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Citations in the corpus

• Butyrate-producing Clostridium cluster XIVa species specifically colonize mucins in an in vitro gut model (2012, background): “Recent in vivo (Swidsinski et al., 2005; Sokol et al., 2008; Walker et al., 2011) and in vitro (Vermeiren et al.”
• Mechanisms and consequences of intestinal dysbiosis (2017, background): “A reduction of microbial diversity and outgrowth of Proteobacteria are cardinal features of dysbiosis [8, 9].”
• Intestinal microbiota in human health and disease: the impact of probiotics (2011, methodology): “A recent study demonstrated rapid and reversible changes in the relative abundance of specific dominant bacterial groups after dietary changes (Walker et al. 2011a).”
• Brain–Gut–Microbe Communication in Health and Disease (2011, background): “…FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization; T-RFLP, terminal restriction length polymorphism. probiotic therapies in the alleviation of key symptoms in IBS (Abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating/distension, alterations in defecatory function; Moayyedi et al., 2008; Brenner et al., 2009; Whorwell, 2009).”
• The gut microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease (2014, positive): “It has also been reported that the gut microbiota is different in the same individual between inflammatory and noninflammatory sites [24].”
• Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease (2012, background): “Obese/overweight children also display increased Enterobacteriaceae compared to children of the same age group (4–5 years) with a normal body-mass index [75].”
• The Influence of Probiotics on the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio in the Treatment of Obesity and Inflammatory Bowel disease (2020, background): “The biopsies also revealed higher bacterial dysbiosis in inflamed regions compared to non-inflamed regions [74].”
• Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Cause or Consequence? IBD Treatment Targeting the Gut Microbiome (2019, neutral): “Human Bacteroidetes, Enterobacteriaceae Firmicutes Increase Decrease [71]”