Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Upstream and Downstream Antioxidant Therapeutic Options

By Bayani Uttara, A. Singh, P. Zamboni, R. Mahajan. Current Neuropharmacology, 2009

3,279 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Free radicals are common outcome of normal aerobic cellular metabolism. In-built antioxidant system of body plays its decisive role in prevention of any loss due to free radicals. However, imbalanced defense mechanism of antioxidants, overproduction or incorporation of free radicals from environment to living system leads to serious penalty leading to neuro-degeneration. Neural cells suffer functional or sensory loss in neurodegenerative diseases. Apart from several other environmental or genetic factors, oxidative stress (OS) leading to free radical attack on neural cells contributes calamitous role to neuro-degeneration. Though, oxygen is imperative for life, imbalanced metabolism and excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation end into a range of disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, aging and many other neural disorders. Toxicity of free radicals contributes to proteins and DNA injury, inflammation, tissue damage and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Antioxidants are now being looked upon as persuasive therapeutic against solemn neuronal loss, as they have capability to combat by neutralizing free radicals. Diet is major source of antioxidants, as well as medicinal herbs are catching attention to be commercial source of antioxidants at present. Recognition of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapy to oxidative stress has been proved an effective tool in alteration of any neuronal damage as well as free radical scavenging. Antioxidants have a wide scope to sequester metal ions involved in neuronal plaque formation to prevent oxidative stress. In addition, antioxidant therapy is vital in scavenging free radicals and ROS preventing neuronal degeneration in post-oxidative stress scenario.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Organic Chemistry, Physiology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/5303391612d33408571243ef9ff9ac1bc97c7c4f

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Molecular Biology

1. E. Trushina
2. E. Tönnies
3. Shrikant Kukreti
4. Anju Singh
5. R. Kukreti
6. L. Saso

In Organic Chemistry

1. Shrikant Kukreti
2. Anju Singh
3. R. Kukreti
4. L. Saso

In Physiology

1. E. Trushina
2. L. Zuo
3. E. Tönnies
4. Zewen Liu
5. P. Dimitrion
6. Alexander C Ziegler
7. Tingyang Zhou

Citations in the corpus

• Oxidative Stress, Synaptic Dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s Disease (2017, background): “When unbalanced, overproduction of ROS combined with the insufficient antioxidant defense leads to oxidative stress [80].”
• Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases (2014, background): “The Amyloid-b peptide (Ab) can chelate with transition metal ions (Cu, Zn and Fe), and produce H2O2 via transition metal mediated catlysis and finally gives toxic OḢ radical [120].”
• Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications (2017, background): “By contrast, antioxidant therapeutics that work downstream of OS focuses on reducing the toxicity from mutant protein aggregation and alleviating neural inflammation [140].”
• Oxidative Stress: A Key Modulator in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2019, background): “Additionally, antioxidants are formulated to cure neuronal inflammation as well as free radical scavenging [141].”
• Oxidative Stress, Prooxidants, and Antioxidants: The Interplay (2014, background): “(6) Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease) Brain Reactive oxygen species (ROS) [210]”
• Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases; a mechanistic insight. (2015, background): “These molecules show high reactivity with macromolecules [68] and have an important biological function as signaling molecules [69].”
• The oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease. (2013, result): “…of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia , Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer dementia, anxiety or bipolar affective disorder (Uttara et al. 2009), as our group has also previously demonstrated (Padurariu et al. 2010a,b, Ciobica et al. 2010, 2011, 2012, Stefanescu et al.…”
• Role of ROS and Nutritional Antioxidants in Human Diseases (2018, background): “Considering the complex roles of OS in neurodegenerative disorders, the regulation of cellular ROS levels may represent a potential treatment to impede neurodegeneration and alleviate associated symptoms (Uttara et al., 2009).”
• Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. (2018, background): “Elevated ROS levels have been involved in the onset of several diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders [8], cancer [9], renal diseases [10], pulmonary diseases [11], and metabolic diseases (e.”