Free Radicals: Properties, Sources, Targets, and Their Implication in Various Diseases

By A. Phaniendra, Dinesh Babu Jestadi, L. Periyasamy. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2014

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Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases (2018, background): “bleomycin), industrial solvents, cooking (eg, smoked meat, waste oil, and fat), and radiation, which inside the body are metabolized into free radicals.(8) RONS, whether they are endogenous or exogenous, cause oxidative modification of each of the major cellular macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids”
Oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants: potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases (2023, background): “8-oxodeoxyguanosine and 8-nitroguanine, respectively (Phaniendra et al., 2015).”
Dietary Polyphenols and Their Role in Oxidative Stress-Induced Human Diseases: Insights Into Protective Effects, Antioxidant Potentials and Mechanism(s) of Action (2022, background): “During the glycoxidation process, many reactive aldehydes, including 4-HNE and MDA are formed resulting in advanced glycation termination products (Phaniendra et al., 2015).”
ROS, Cell Senescence, and Novel Molecular Mechanisms in Aging and Age-Related Diseases (2016, background): “ROS are recognized as key modulators in processes that accumulate oxidized molecules chronically, as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia, reperfusion injury, neurodegeneration, and rheumatoid arthritis [17].”