A Market Test for Discrimination in the English Professional Soccer Leagues

By Stefan Szymanski. Journal of Political Economy, 2000

212 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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The impact of managerial quality on organizational performance: evidence from German soccer (2008, background): “Previous studies of impacts of measures of coach ability and performance have focussed on technical efficiency of sports teams and have been unable, through lack of data, to pursue the deeper question of market efficiency.”
Racial Bias in Motor Vehicle Searches: Additional Theory and Evidence (2004, background): “For example, Szymanski (2000) finds evidence of prejudice-based discrimination in English soccer leagues by examining the performance of soccer teams after controlling for each team’s wage bill.”
Are boys discriminated in Swedish high schools (2011, background): “Our study contributes to the increasing literature testing for discrimination in economics (Ayres & Siegelman, 1995; Ladd, 1998; Szymanski, 2000; Bertrand & Mullainathan, 2004).”
Competition and Gender Prejudice: Are Discriminatory Employers Doomed to Fail? (2009, methodology): “Using data from English league soccer teams, Szymanski (2000) shows that clubs fielding an aboveaverage proportion of black players systematically outperform clubs with a below-average proportion of black players even if wages are controlled for.”