Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 19, Number 4—Fall 2005—Pages 25–42 Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making

Citations in the corpus

• Metrics for Explainable AI: Challenges and Prospects (2018, methodology): “mance such as in a video. Fryer (1939) provides a clear and succinct presentation of a method that combines retrospection with Likert scale questionnaire to quantify participants’ reasoning. See also Frederick, 2005; Lippa, Klein & Shalin, 2008; Praetorious & Duncan, 1988 Structured intervie”
• Fighting COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media: Experimental Evidence for a Scalable Accuracy-Nudge Intervention (2020, methodology): “We gave participants a six-item Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT; Frederick, 2005) that consisted of a reworded version of the original three-item test and three items from a nonnumeric version (we excluded the “hole” item; Thomson & Oppenheimer, 2016).”
• Development and Validation of the Scientific Reasoning Scale (2017, methodology): “Participants completed an online survey that included the 20 preliminary SRS items, administered in randomized order to each participant, followed by (in randomized order) the three-item Cognitive Reflection Test (Frederick, 2005), a two-item numeracy test (drawn from Peters, Dieckmann, Dixon, Hibba”
• Development of the critical thinking toolkit (CriTT): A measure of student attitudes and beliefs about critical thinking (2017, methodology): “Frederick (2005) also found that in samples of college students in the US the CRT is a significant correlate (.44) of SAT score (formerly the Scholastic Aptitude Test, which measures readiness for college level education).”
• Do We Know a Successful Teacher When We See One? Experiments in the Identification of Effective Teachers (2011, background): “…of systematic errors in the intuitions of experts, implying that their intuitive judgments may be endorsed, at least passively, by their rational processes from System 2, one of whose functions is to monitor the quality both of mental operations and overt behavior (Kahneman & Frederick, 2005).”
• Human-like intuitive behavior and reasoning biases emerged in large language models but disappeared in ChatGPT (2022, background): “In humans, CRT and semantic illusions are good predictors of ability to engage in unbiased, reflective, and rational decision-making, as well as overall cognitive ability.(17,32) Thus, LLMs’ ability to solve CRT and semantic illusions should increase as their overall ability increases.”
• Viewing the future through a warped lens: Why uncertainty generates hyperbolic discounting (2011, methodology): “In particular, cognitive abilities, as measured by the Cognitive Reflection Test (Frederick, 2005), cannot account for the link between proneness to probability distortions and hyperbolic discounting.”
• Two minds, three ways: dual system and dual process models in consumer psychology (2012, methodology): “A link between judgment and decision making and impulsive vs. reflective behavior may be evident in reasoning ability, as measured by the Cognitive Reflection Test (Frederick 2005), which relies on tasks akin to those that have been used to demonstrate the default nature of S1 impressions in the Int”
• Testing theories of secularization and religious belief in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (2017, methodology): “Analytic thinking Weused the Cognitive Reflection Task, which consists of three questions designed to have both incorrect intuitive answers and correct analytic answers to evaluate analytic thinking abilities (Frederick, 2005).”
• Egalitarianism and Competitiveness (2009, background): “Frederick, Shane.”
• The trouble with overconfidence. (2008, unknown): “Those 17 measures were as follows: the “big five” dimensions of pers nality (John & Strivastava, 2000), gender, narcissism (Raskin & Terry, 1988), cognitive reflect iveness (Frederick, 2005), overclaiming (Paulhus et al.”
• Cognitive abilities and superior decision making under risk: A protocol analysis and process model evaluation (2009, background): “…of theories, such as dual-process theories, attribute the individual differences to deliberative processes (Baron, 1985; De Neys, 2006; Evans, 2008; Frederick, 2005; Kahneman, 2003; Kahneman & Frederick, 2007; Sloman, 1996; Stanovich & West, 1998; 2000); however, the link between decision…”
• Veil-of-ignorance reasoning favors the greater good (2019, background): “Performance on the Cognitive Reflection Test (26) is correlated with utilitarian judgment (15, 17, 27), and exposure to this test can boost utilitarian judgment (15, 17), but this appears to simply shift the balance between intuitive responding and utilitarian reasoning, rather than eliciting a more”
• On the reception and detection of pseudo-profound bullshit (2015, unknown): “The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT; Frederick, 2005) consists of 3 mathematical word problems that cue an incorrect intuitive response.”
• The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns (2020, background): “Indeed, research suggests that IQ performance (e.g., cognitive reflection task; Frederick, 2005; active open-minded cognition; Stanovich & West, 2008) is a weak predictor of performance on tasks assessing aspects of wisdom reviewed above (e.g., Brienza, Pennycook, & Fugelsang, in prep; for other…”