What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn't be, are Allowed to be, and don't Have to Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes

By Deborah A. Prentice, E. Carranza. 2002

1,507 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Gender Studies, Sociology and Political Science

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Citations in the corpus

Investigating Failures of Automatic Translation in the Case of Unambiguous Gender (2021, background): “Our list of adjectives is the union of single word stereotyped traits drawn from several works in the social psychology literature on gender stereotyping (Bem, 1981; Prentice and Carranza, 2002; Haines et al., 2016; Eagly et al., 2020; Saucier and Iurino, 2020), where they were normed for English.”
Not Competent Enough to Know the Difference? Gender Stereotypes about Women's Ease of Being Misled Predict Negotiator Deception (2014, positive): “First, gender differences in the intensity of agency prescriptions (Bem, 1974; Eagly, 1997; Prentice & Carranza, 2002) may increase women’s perceived ease of being misled relative to men.”
Biosocial Construction of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior (2012, positive): “…characteristics to women to a greater extent than they ascribed feminine characteristics to men (see present time conditions in Diekman & Eagly, 2000), and they approved of desirable counterstereotypical qualities in women more than in men (Diekman & Goodfriend, 2006; Prentice & Carranza, 2002).”
Penalizing Men Who Request a Family Leave: Is Flexibility Stigma a Femininity Stigma? (2013, background): “Despite the Women’s Movement, gender stereotypes dictating that men should be more career-oriented and ambitious than women persist (Prentice & Carranza, 2002).”
Why Are Some STEM Fields More Gender Balanced Than Others? (2017, positive): “…Cameron, et al., 2015; Vandello, Bosson, Cohen, Burnaford, & Weaver, 2008), and stereotypes of men have remained relatively fixed over time while stereotypes of women have changed to make stereotypically masculine traits more acceptable for women (Diekman & Eagly, 2000; Prentice & Carranza, 2002).”
New Routes to Recruiting and Retaining Women in STEM: Policy Implications of a Communal Goal Congruity Perspective (2015, background): “Generally, beliefs emphasize the importance of communal traits for women (e.g., warm, sensitive, and cooperative), whereas such prescriptions are relaxed for men (Prentice & Carranza, 2002).”
Self-reliance: A Gender Perspective on its Relationship to Communality and Leadership Evaluations (2017, background): “Prescriptivemasculine traits are not necessarily undesirable for women (Prentice & Carranza, 2002).”
Disruptions in Women's Self-Promotion: The Backlash Avoidance Model 1 (2010, methodology): “We chose these qualities because prior research demonstrated that they were more prescriptive for women than men (Prentice & Carranza, 2002).”
Backlash effects for disconfirming gender stereotypes in organizations (2008, background): “In addition to a descriptive component reflecting how men and women are typically perceived, gender stereotypes also contain a strong prescriptive component which reflects how men and women ‘‘should be’’ and importantly, how they ‘‘should not be’’ (Burgess & Borgida, 1999; Eagly & Karau, 2002; Fiske”
When men break the gender rules: Status incongruity and backlash against modest men. (2010, background): ““Walk tall,” “Be a man,” “Don’t be a sissy”; these familiar phrases underscore the extent to which gender stereotypes generally call for men to be strong and proud (Mahalik et al., 2003; Prentice & Carranza, 2002; Prime & MossRacusin, 2009).”
Gender in the Gym: Evaluation Concerns as Barriers to Women’s Weight Lifting (2010, background): “characterized by group-differentiated norms that specify how men and women should be and behave (see Prentice and Carranza 2002; Rudman and Fairchild 2004).”
When Equal Isn't Really Equal: The Masculine Dilemma of Seeking Work Flexibility (2013, background): “Whereas the caretaker role is central to feminine identity, the breadwinner or provider role is central to masculine identity (Gilmore, 1990; Pleck, 1995; Prentice & Carranza, 2002; Thébaud, 2010).”
Status incongruity and backlash effects: Defending the gender hierarchy motivates prejudice against female leaders. (2012, methodology): “We began with the traits shown by Prentice and Carranza (2002) to reflect gender rules.”