Mental Models in Cognitive Science

By Philip N. Johnson-Laird. 1980

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Explanation in Human-AI Systems: A Literature Meta-Review, Synopsis of Key Ideas and Publications, and Bibliography for Explainable AI (2019, neutral): “ 1993; Gigerenzer, Hoffrage, and Kleinbölting, 1991; Halasz, and Moran, 1983; Hegarty, 2004; Hegarty, Just, and Morrison, 1987; Heller, 1994; Hilton, 1986, 1996; Hilton and Erb, 1996; Jamieson, 1996; Johnson-Laird, 1980, 1983; Kieras and Bovair, 1984; Klein and Hoffman, 2008a, 2008b; Klein, Phillips”
Metrics for Explainable AI: Challenges and Prospects (2018, background): “out users' mental models. 3.2 Empirical Assertions There is a large body of research by experimental psychologists on mental models (e.g., Carroll, 1984; Gentner and Gentner, 1983; Greeno, 1977; Johnson-Laird, 1980, 1989; Kintsch, Miller & Poulson, 1974). Praetorious and Duncan (1988) prese”
Graph networks as learnable physics engines for inference and control (2018, background): “Cognitive scientists have long pointed to rich generative models as central to perception, reasoning, and decision-making (Craik, 1967; Johnson-Laird, 1980; Miall & Wolpert, 1996; Spelke & Kinzler, 2007; Battaglia et al., 2013).”
The role of working memory components in multimedia comprehension (2008, background): “A number of studies have shown that spatial visualization ability influences the comprehension of texts and learning (Friedman & Miyake, 2000; Haenggi, Kintsch, & Gernsbacher, 1995; Hegarty & Sims, 1994; Hegarty & Steinhoff, 1997; Mayer & Sims, 1994). Mayer and Sims (1994) used rotation tasks to exa”
When scientific models represent (2003, background): “I will not consider the validity of this assumption here because it has already received extensive controversy in the imagery debate (e.g. Shepard, 1978; Johnson-Laird, 1980; Kosslyn, 1980, 1994).”
Mental models in design teams: a valid approach to performance in design collaboration? (2007, background): “The term mental models was reintroduced to the cognitive science community in the early 1980s by Johnson-Laird (1980).”
Mental Models: Theory and Application in Human Factors (1989, methodology): “Alternatively, the form of inquiry described by Johnson-Laird (1983) and advocated by Manktelow and Jones (1987) can be pursued.”
Explainable Autonomy: A Study of Explanation Styles for Building Clear Mental Models (2018, background): “The mental model questions aim to capture two different dimensions of the user’s mental model (Johnson-Laird, 1980): structurally so how AUVs work (MM-Q1) and functionally so what the AUVs were doing (MM-Q2).”
Semantics and the electrophysiology of meaning: Tense, aspect, event structure (2004, background): “24] and bears some resemblance to the psycholinguistic notion that reasoning follows and builds upon interpretation [105, 187].”
Affordances of Augmented Reality in Science Learning: Suggestions for Future Research (2012, background): “Since the unique affordances of AR technology are superimposing computer-generated information on an individual’s view of the real world, his/her mental models, which involve internal thinking processes or representations about how something works in the external reality (Johnson-Laird 1980), might ”
Toward a (Pragmatic) Science of Strategic Intervention: Design Propositions for Scenario Planning (2008, methodology): “In the remainder of this article, we use the term mental model to denote an internal representation of entities and the relations between them that ‘mirrors the relevant aspects of the corresponding state of affairs in the world’ (Johnson-Laird 1980: 98).”