Effective self-regulation of goal attainment

By G. Oettingen, Gaby Hönig, Peter M. Gollwitzer. 2000

253 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Self-regulatory strategies of goal setting and goal striving are analyzed in three experiments. Experiment 1 uses fantasy realization theory (Oettingen, in: J. BrandstaK tter, R.M. Lerner (Eds.), Action and Self Development: „heory and Research through the ‚ife Span, Sage Publications Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1999, pp. 315}342) to analyze the self-regulatory processes of turning free fantasies about a desired future into binding goals. School children 8}12 years of age who had to mentally elaborate a desired academic future as well as present reality standing in its way, formed stronger goal commitments than participants solely indulging in the desired future or merely dwelling on present reality (Experiment 1). E!ective implementation of set goals is addressed in the second and third experiments (Gollwitzer, Am. Psychol. 54 (1999) 493}503). Adolescents who had to furnish a set educational goal with relevant implementation intentions (specifying where, when, and how they would start goal pursuit) were comparatively more successful in meeting the goal (Experiment 2). Linking anticipated situations with goal-directed behaviors (i.e., if}then plans) rather than the mere thinking about good opportunities to act makes implementation intentions facilitate action initiation (Experiment 3). Successful goal attainment demands completing two di!erent tasks. People have to "rst turn their desires into binding goals, and second they have to attain the set goal. Both tasks bene"t from self-regulatory strategies. In this article we describe a series of experiments with children, adolescents, and young adults that investigate self-regulatory processes facilitating e!ective goal setting and successful goal striving. The experimental studies investigate (1) di!erent routes to goal setting depending on how

Subfields: Applied Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/36107d838e2004aebfd53f1801338d6b9b0ebfc7

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Citations in the corpus

Implementation intentions in the entrepreneurial process: concept, empirical findings, and research agenda (2018, methodology): “A generic form (implying each Wednesday, compared to next Wednesday for the mandatory if-then form) was supplied by Oettingen et al. (2000) and the instruction by Chapman et al. (2009) made no reference to the Bwhen^ and Bwhere^ aspects for the spontaneous condition.”
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: A meta-analysis of effects and processes (2006, methodology): “Immediacy has been tested by means of response latencies (e.g., Webb & Sheeran, 2004) and the temporal proximity of actual performance to the time of performance specified in the implementation intention (e.g., Gollwitzer & Brandstätter, 1997; Oettingen et al., 2000, Experiment 3).”
Turning Fantasies About Positive and Negative Futures into Self-Improvement Goals (2005, methodology): “Research on fantasy realization commonly uses the salience paradigm (Oettingen, 2000, Study 1; Oettingen et al., 2000, 2001).”
Using Mental Imagery to Enhance the Effectiveness of Implementation Intentions (2009, background): “Second, the if-then contingency format establishes a strong mental link of causality between the critical cues and the goal-directed response (Oettingen et al. 2000).”
Planning promotes goal striving. (2011, unknown): “…(e.g., on health behaviors, job safety, and environment protection; see meta-analysis by Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) do not use an additional condition that spells out the then-part of the implementation intention in terms of a goal intention (for an exception, see Oettingen et al., 2000).”
A scalable goal-setting intervention closes both the gender and ethnic minority achievement gap (2015, background): “Thus, goal setting seems to enhance what has been broadly defined as self-regulation (Latham and Locke, 1991; Oettingen et al., 2000; Zimmerman and Schunk, 2001).”
Self‐regulation strategies improve self‐discipline in adolescents: benefits of mental contrasting and implementation intentions (2011, background): “People who furnish their goals with implementation intentions get started on their goals more reliably during inconvenient times such as holidays or busy days (Gollwitzer & Brandstatter, 1997 ; Oettingen, Honig, & Gollwitzer, 2000 , Studies 2 and 3), when goal‐directed actions are unpleasant (e.”
Strategies of setting and implementing goals: Mental contrasting and implementation intentions (2010, background): “…to studying abl'oad (Oettingell et al., 2001, 118 PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS Study 2) and acquiring a second language (Oettingen et al., 2000, Study 1); to giving and receiving help (Oettingen, Mayer, Stephens, & Brinkmann, in press), getting to know an attractive…”
Self-regulation of consumer decision making and behavior: The role of implementation intentions (2009, unknown): “First, many of the field and laboratory studies investigating the benefits of implementation intentions (e.g., on health behaviors, job safety, and environment protection; see meta-analysis by Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) do not use an additional condition that spells out the thenpart of the implemen”
Future thought and behaviour change (2012, background): “…participants elaborated the future and the reality only very briefly (i.e., were asked to imagine only one aspect of the desired future and one aspect of present reality; Oettingen et al., 2000, Study 1; A. Kappes & Oettingen, 2012, Studies 1 and 2; A. Kappes, Singmann, & Oettingen, in press).”