Listening to Mozart does not improve children's spatial ability: Final curtains for the Mozart effect

By P. McKelvie, Jason Low. 2002

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Multiple Intelligences, the Mozart Effect, and Emotional Intelligence: A Critical Review (2006, result): “…the evidence reported for the ME, a considerable number of studies have reported evidence disconfirming the ME (Chabris, 1999; Husain et al., 2002; McKelvie & Low, 2002; Nantais & Schellenberg, 1999; Steele, 2003; Steele, Bass, & Crook, 1999; Steele, Brown, & Stoecker, 1999; Thompson et al.,…”
On the Development and Measurement of Spatial Ability. (2009, unknown): “Even replication studies suggested inconsistent findings (McKelvie and Low, 2002).”
Exposure to music and cognitive performance: tests of children and adults (2007, result): “The present findings help to explain previous failures to replicate the Mozart effect (e.g. Carstens et al., 1995; Hallam, 2000; McCutcheon, 2000; McKelvie and Low, 2002; Newman et al., 1995; Steele et al., 1997; Steele, Bass et al., 1999; Steele, Brown et al., 1999; Steele, Dalla Bella et al.,…”
The Cognitive and Academic Benefits of Music to Children: Facts and fiction (2006, methodology): “McKelvie ˇ ˇ and Low (2002) conducted two studies of the Mozart effect in 103 children aged approximately 12 years.”
The effect of background music and background noise on the task performance of introverts and extraverts (2007, background): “Conversely, McKelvie and Low (2002) utilized a similar design, but reported no improvement between pre- and post-test scores.”